物理学与社会科学关联性探析
发布时间：2018-08-26 09:48
【摘要】：自19世纪启蒙运动以来,严格的社会科学理论才真正建立。但是社会科学的萌芽,诞生的过程与发展的脉络却可以遍及人类文明的整个历程,尤其是与相对其他学科而言建立最早,发展最完善的学科——物理学——的每一次发展息息相关。物理学中重要理论的发现,伟大人物的诞生,甚至理论范式的更替,无不对成长中的社会科学理论与方法产生巨大的影响,甚至是根本的变革。所以,物理学与社会科学的关联性问题就成为物理学家、社会科学家和科学哲学家一直以来非常关注的问题。这是对物理学与社会科学发展的重要反思与总结,对人类自身与社会各方面的发展有相当大的促进作用。本文在写作的过程中主要采用了历史分析法和比较法,在某些章节还运用了理论与实际相结合的方法和个案实证分析的方法。文章试图梳理物理学与社会科学交互发展的历史脉络,揭示物理学与社会科学的紧密关联,并尝试着寻找社会科学在发展过程中的规律性特质。本文共分为五个部分,包括引言、三章主体内容及其结语等。引言部分首先简要阐述了论文的研究背景及研究意义,并对相关研究领域的国内外研究现状进行了整理,然后概括性的介绍了研究过程中遇到的难点以及本文的创新点和不足,最后对论文的研究方法进行了简单的说明。论文的三个章节,按照历史顺序深入剖析了物理学在三个代表时期对社会科学的重要影响。第一章是古代物理学与社会科学的萌芽。分别阐述了古代物理学的概念与范畴、亚里士多德(Aristotle)和阿基米德(Archimedes)的物理学原理,以及社会科学在物理学思想的影响下形成了时空观、机械论自然观和社会思想的雏形,揭示了,社会科学在萌芽阶段受到的物理学思想的重大影响。第二章是经典物理学和社会科学的诞生。这一时期的物理学形成了机械论范式,在思维模式和研究方法上都对社会科学产生了深刻的影响,整个社会科学界形成了机械论范式和自然主义的理念,具体表现在政治学和经济学领域中分别运用了物理学中的分解综合方法和建立模型的方法,学科本身在这些方法的运用过程中逐步走向了实证主义。第三章是现代物理学与社会科学的发展。这一时期的物理学是重要的转折时期,整个物理学的概念和范畴都发生了巨大的变化。机械论自然观退出了历史的舞台,非决定论的系统的思维模式开始盛行,社会科学与自然科学趋向于建立统一的科学思想,由此催生了一系列新兴交叉学科的诞生,社会物理学,经济物理学,政治力学是其中表现较为突出的三门学科,它们的研究方法中都恰当的运用了物理学的成熟理论,使社会科学理论更加精确化、科学化。
[Abstract]:Since the Enlightenment in the 19 th century, strict social science theories have been established. But the sprouting, birth and development of social science can spread throughout the course of human civilization, especially in relation to other disciplines. Every development of the most perfect discipline, physics, is closely related. The discovery of important theories in physics, the birth of great people, and even the replacement of theoretical paradigms, all have a great impact on the growing social science theories and methods, and even the fundamental changes. Therefore, the relationship between physics and social science has become a problem of great concern for physicists, social scientists and scientific philosophers. This is an important reflection and summary of the development of physics and social science, and it has a considerable role in promoting the development of human beings and all aspects of society. In the process of writing, this paper mainly adopts the method of historical analysis and comparison. In some chapters, it also uses the method of combining theory with practice and the method of case study. This paper attempts to sort out the historical context of the interactive development of physics and social science, reveal the close relationship between physics and social science, and try to find out the regular characteristics of social science in the process of development. This article is divided into five parts, including the introduction, three chapters of the main content and the conclusion. In the introduction part, the research background and significance of the thesis are briefly described, and the current research situation in the related research fields is summarized. Then, the difficulties encountered in the research process and the innovative points and shortcomings of this paper are introduced in a general way. At last, the research method of this paper is simply explained. The three chapters of the thesis deeply analyze the important influence of physics on social science in the period of "three represents" according to the historical order. The first chapter is the germination of ancient physics and social science. The concepts and categories of ancient physics, the physics principles of Aristotle (Aristotle) and Archimedes (Archimedes), and the formation of the conception of time and space, the view of nature and the embryonic form of social thought of social science under the influence of physics thought are expounded respectively. It is revealed that the social sciences are greatly influenced by the ideas of physics in their infancy. The second chapter is the birth of classical physics and social science. In this period, physics formed a mechanical paradigm, which had a profound impact on the social sciences in terms of thinking patterns and research methods. The whole social scientific community formed the paradigm of mechanism and the idea of naturalism. In the field of political science and economics, the methods of decomposition and synthesis in physics and the method of building models are used respectively, and the discipline itself has gradually moved towards positivism in the process of applying these methods. The third chapter is the development of modern physics and social science. Physics in this period is an important turning point, the whole concept and scope of physics have undergone tremendous changes. The mechanistic view of nature withdrew from the stage of history, the systematic thinking mode of non-determinism began to prevail, the social science and natural science tended to establish a unified scientific thought, which gave birth to a series of new interdisciplinary disciplines. Among them, social physics, economic physics and political mechanics are three outstanding subjects. The mature theory of physics is properly used in their research methods, which makes the theory of social science more accurate and scientific.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C1;O4-05
本文编号：2204483
[Abstract]:Since the Enlightenment in the 19 th century, strict social science theories have been established. But the sprouting, birth and development of social science can spread throughout the course of human civilization, especially in relation to other disciplines. Every development of the most perfect discipline, physics, is closely related. The discovery of important theories in physics, the birth of great people, and even the replacement of theoretical paradigms, all have a great impact on the growing social science theories and methods, and even the fundamental changes. Therefore, the relationship between physics and social science has become a problem of great concern for physicists, social scientists and scientific philosophers. This is an important reflection and summary of the development of physics and social science, and it has a considerable role in promoting the development of human beings and all aspects of society. In the process of writing, this paper mainly adopts the method of historical analysis and comparison. In some chapters, it also uses the method of combining theory with practice and the method of case study. This paper attempts to sort out the historical context of the interactive development of physics and social science, reveal the close relationship between physics and social science, and try to find out the regular characteristics of social science in the process of development. This article is divided into five parts, including the introduction, three chapters of the main content and the conclusion. In the introduction part, the research background and significance of the thesis are briefly described, and the current research situation in the related research fields is summarized. Then, the difficulties encountered in the research process and the innovative points and shortcomings of this paper are introduced in a general way. At last, the research method of this paper is simply explained. The three chapters of the thesis deeply analyze the important influence of physics on social science in the period of "three represents" according to the historical order. The first chapter is the germination of ancient physics and social science. The concepts and categories of ancient physics, the physics principles of Aristotle (Aristotle) and Archimedes (Archimedes), and the formation of the conception of time and space, the view of nature and the embryonic form of social thought of social science under the influence of physics thought are expounded respectively. It is revealed that the social sciences are greatly influenced by the ideas of physics in their infancy. The second chapter is the birth of classical physics and social science. In this period, physics formed a mechanical paradigm, which had a profound impact on the social sciences in terms of thinking patterns and research methods. The whole social scientific community formed the paradigm of mechanism and the idea of naturalism. In the field of political science and economics, the methods of decomposition and synthesis in physics and the method of building models are used respectively, and the discipline itself has gradually moved towards positivism in the process of applying these methods. The third chapter is the development of modern physics and social science. Physics in this period is an important turning point, the whole concept and scope of physics have undergone tremendous changes. The mechanistic view of nature withdrew from the stage of history, the systematic thinking mode of non-determinism began to prevail, the social science and natural science tended to establish a unified scientific thought, which gave birth to a series of new interdisciplinary disciplines. Among them, social physics, economic physics and political mechanics are three outstanding subjects. The mature theory of physics is properly used in their research methods, which makes the theory of social science more accurate and scientific.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C1;O4-05
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