对中国人类学亲属研究的若干反思——兼纪念李亦园院士
发布时间：2018-08-27 08:37
【摘要】：亲属研究是人类学的主要研究领域,在人类学中占有核心的地位。在人类学的发展历史中,不同时期与理论流派的学者在方法论、知识论乃至本体论方面常有着不同的关怀重点与见解,说明了亲属概念的复杂性。受到社会科学反思运动的影响,美国学者大卫·施奈德(David M.Schneider)于1984年出版《亲属研究批判》一书,严辞批判西方亲属研究充斥着西方人"血浓于水"的"民族中心主义偏见",以西方的文化观点为理论架构来审视与建构非西方社会的"亲属"。大卫·施奈德的批判被视为是新旧人类学的分水岭,带动了其后西方社会科学亲属研究的全面反思与转向。相较于西方学者,两岸中国学者的亲属研究不仅在理论上承袭了西方民族中心主义偏见,同时也在观念上存在着汉文化民族中心主义偏见,从而形成了一种双重性偏见。而台湾泰雅族与云南大理白族亲属研究可以说明这种双重偏见存在的事实。因此,中国人类学的亲属研究,需要诸如大卫·施奈德式的深刻自我反思,来进一步探求不同文化人群的"亲属"。
[Abstract]:Kinship study is the main field of anthropology and plays a central role in anthropology. In the development history of anthropology, scholars of different periods and theoretical schools often have different caring points and opinions in methodology, knowledge theory and even ontology, which explains the complexity of the concept of kinship. Influenced by the rethinking movement of social sciences, David M.Schneider, an American scholar, published the critique of kinship Studies in 1984. Strict criticism of Western relatives is full of Westerners "blood is thicker than water" ethnocentrism bias ", Western cultural views as a theoretical framework to examine and construct non-Western society" relatives ". David Schneider's criticism is regarded as a watershed between the old and the new anthropology, which led to the comprehensive introspection and turn of the kinship research in the western social sciences. Compared with western scholars, the relative studies of Chinese scholars on both sides of the strait not only inherit the prejudice of western ethnocentrism in theory, but also exist in the concept of ethnocentrism in Chinese culture, thus forming a kind of biases of duality. The research on the relatives of Taiya nationality and Bai nationality in Dali, Yunnan Province can explain the fact that this double bias exists. Therefore, the study of kinship in Chinese anthropology requires a profound self-reflection such as David Schneider's style to further explore the "relatives" of different cultural groups.
【基金】：云南省高校一流学科云南大学民族学学科建设项目“鹤庆白族社会组织与亲属制度调查”阶段性成果 2014年国家社会科学基金重大项目“台湾原住民族群关系研究”阶段性成果(14ZDB113)
【分类号】：C912.4
本文编号：2206704
[Abstract]:Kinship study is the main field of anthropology and plays a central role in anthropology. In the development history of anthropology, scholars of different periods and theoretical schools often have different caring points and opinions in methodology, knowledge theory and even ontology, which explains the complexity of the concept of kinship. Influenced by the rethinking movement of social sciences, David M.Schneider, an American scholar, published the critique of kinship Studies in 1984. Strict criticism of Western relatives is full of Westerners "blood is thicker than water" ethnocentrism bias ", Western cultural views as a theoretical framework to examine and construct non-Western society" relatives ". David Schneider's criticism is regarded as a watershed between the old and the new anthropology, which led to the comprehensive introspection and turn of the kinship research in the western social sciences. Compared with western scholars, the relative studies of Chinese scholars on both sides of the strait not only inherit the prejudice of western ethnocentrism in theory, but also exist in the concept of ethnocentrism in Chinese culture, thus forming a kind of biases of duality. The research on the relatives of Taiya nationality and Bai nationality in Dali, Yunnan Province can explain the fact that this double bias exists. Therefore, the study of kinship in Chinese anthropology requires a profound self-reflection such as David Schneider's style to further explore the "relatives" of different cultural groups.
【基金】：云南省高校一流学科云南大学民族学学科建设项目“鹤庆白族社会组织与亲属制度调查”阶段性成果 2014年国家社会科学基金重大项目“台湾原住民族群关系研究”阶段性成果(14ZDB113)
【分类号】：C912.4
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