广西红水河流域社会—生态系统脆弱性评价
发布时间：2018-08-27 18:07
【摘要】：脆弱性问题是当今国际社会和学术界关注和研究的重要热点。西南喀斯特山区是我国乃至地球上最为脆弱的复合生态系统之一。广西红水河流域地处于该区域内,其人口、环境、资源和社会的矛盾非常突出。开展广西红水河流域社会-生态系统脆弱性的研究,有助于科学地认识红水河流域区域脆弱性本质特征及其发生机制,可为该区域可持续利发展提供科学依据和决策支撑,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本研究综合运用地质学、综合自然地理学、山地系统科学、可持续发展理论等相关学科知识,以复合生态系统理论、脆弱性基本理论和人地关系基本理论为指导,以3S技术为辅助手段,在实地调查的基础上,分析研究区域自然、经济和社会系统和各要素的主要特征,及其对区域脆弱性的影响,建立区域社会-生态系统脆弱性评价指标体系,采用熵值法,对该区脆弱性进行分析和评价。根据评价结果,提出区域社会-生态系统恢复与维护对策。从时空两维角度,对该区脆弱性进行分析和评价。根据评价结果,提出区域社会-生态系统恢复与维护对策。通过本研究,取得如下主要认识和结论:(1)广西红水河流域属典型的喀斯特山区,也是广西社会-生态系统较为独特的地域单元,该区域矿产、生物、旅游以及农业气候等自然资源非常丰富,但社会-生态系统极其脆弱,社会经济和文化发展落后,是广西典型的贫困区。红水河流域资源环境、经济社会的可持续发展对广西经济社会发展和全面小康社会建设有着十分重要的意义。(2)对研究区域的社会-生态系统脆弱性影响因子分析表明,区内碳酸盐岩十分发育,喀斯特广布,地形峰丛-洼地较为发育,地形起伏度大,水文系统具有特殊的地表地下二元结构特征,自然本底较为脆弱;叠加后期人类经济社会活动的强烈干扰,研究区域脆弱性加剧。由于自然要素和人文要素空间分布的差异,研究区的脆弱性呈现强烈的区域分异特征。(3)综合考虑区域社会-生态系统及其要素特征,构建以自然系统、经济社会系统为准则层的共14评价指标的广西红水河流域区社会-生态系统评价指标体系;运用熵值法,从时、空两维角度,对研究区社会-生态系统脆弱性进行定量评价,根据评价结果将研究区域脆弱性划分为极度脆弱(Ⅰ)、重度脆弱(Ⅱ)、中度脆弱(Ⅲ)、轻度脆弱(Ⅳ)微度脆弱(Ⅴ)等5个等级类型。(4)评价结果显示,空间上,研究区域脆弱性中部地区最强,往东南和西北两端总体逐渐变弱;时间上,2000～2015年研究区域域脆弱性综合评价值总体呈下降的趋势,其中,2000～2005年综合评价值呈小幅上升,2010～2015年逐步下降。(5)广西红水河流域社会-生态系统的恢复与维护,要制定研究区域脆弱性治理的政策和机制,加强生态建设和环境保护,发展多种经营,加大基础设施建设力度,招商引资,引进人才,建立社会-生态系统的监测与管理,根据各个脆弱性等级类型区特征,采取针对性的措施。极度脆弱(Ⅰ)类型区的核心是优化产业结构与布局;重度脆弱(Ⅱ)类型区要着重发展立体生态农业,发展农村社会经济,恢复和维持自然系统的平衡;中度脆弱(Ⅲ)类型区要优先保护与改良耕地,实现农业生态系统可持续发展;轻度脆弱(Ⅳ)类型区要重点推进退耕还林还草,逐步提高植被覆盖度,增大环境容量和稳定性;脆弱(Ⅴ)类型区关键是要控制人口数量,提高人口质量,实现人口发展与经济发展、资源承载力的相适应。
[Abstract]:The problem of vulnerability is an important focus of attention and research in the international community and academia. The karst mountainous area in southwest China is one of the most vulnerable complex ecosystems in China and even in the world. The study of ecosystem vulnerability is helpful to understand the essential characteristics and occurrence mechanism of regional vulnerability in Hongshui River basin scientifically, and can provide scientific basis and decision support for the sustainable development of the region. It has important theoretical significance and application value. Guided by the theory of complex ecosystem, the basic theory of vulnerability and the basic theory of human-land relationship, and assisted by 3S technology, the main characteristics of regional natural, economic and social systems and elements, and their impacts on regional vulnerability are analyzed and established on the basis of field investigation. Based on the evaluation results, the regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance countermeasures are put forward. The regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of space-time. Through this study, the following main understandings and conclusions are obtained: (1) Hongshui River Basin in Guangxi is a typical karst mountainous area, and it is also a relatively unique regional unit of Social-Ecological System in Guangxi. The region is rich in natural resources such as minerals, biology, tourism and agricultural climate, but the social-ecological system is extremely fragile, socio-economic and social. The backward development of culture is a typical poverty-stricken area in Guangxi. The resources and environment of the Hongshui River Basin and the sustainable development of economy and society are of great significance to the economic and social development of Guangxi and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. The hydrological system has special features of surface and underground structure, and its natural background is fragile. The fragility of the study area is aggravated by the strong disturbance of human economic and social activities in the late superimposed period. (3) Considering the characteristics of regional social-ecosystem and its elements, the evaluation index system of social-ecosystem in Hongshui River basin was constructed with natural system and economic-social system as the criterion layer, and the entropy method was used to study the social-ecosystem in the study area from the two dimensions of time and space. Quantitative evaluation of system vulnerability was carried out. According to the evaluation results, the vulnerability of the study area was divided into five grades: extreme vulnerability (I), severe vulnerability (II), moderate vulnerability (III), mild vulnerability (IV) and mild vulnerability (V). (4) The evaluation results showed that the central region of the study area was the most vulnerable, and the southeast and northwest regions were in general one by one. The comprehensive evaluation value of regional vulnerability showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2015, with a slight increase from 2000 to 2005 and a gradual decrease from 2010 to 2015. Strong ecological construction and environmental protection, development of diversified economy, intensification of infrastructure construction, investment attraction, introduction of talent, establishment of Social-Ecological System Monitoring and management, according to the characteristics of each vulnerable type of region, adopt targeted measures. II) Type areas should focus on the development of three-dimensional ecological agriculture, the development of rural socio-economic, and the restoration and maintenance of the balance of natural systems; moderately vulnerable (III) type areas should give priority to the protection and improvement of cultivated land to achieve sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems; and mildly vulnerable (IV) type areas should focus on promoting the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands, and gradually increase vegetation coverage. Large environmental capacity and stability; the key to vulnerable (V) type areas is to control the number of people, improve the quality of population, and realize the adaptation of population development to economic development and resource carrying capacity.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X2;C912.8
本文编号：2208035
[Abstract]:The problem of vulnerability is an important focus of attention and research in the international community and academia. The karst mountainous area in southwest China is one of the most vulnerable complex ecosystems in China and even in the world. The study of ecosystem vulnerability is helpful to understand the essential characteristics and occurrence mechanism of regional vulnerability in Hongshui River basin scientifically, and can provide scientific basis and decision support for the sustainable development of the region. It has important theoretical significance and application value. Guided by the theory of complex ecosystem, the basic theory of vulnerability and the basic theory of human-land relationship, and assisted by 3S technology, the main characteristics of regional natural, economic and social systems and elements, and their impacts on regional vulnerability are analyzed and established on the basis of field investigation. Based on the evaluation results, the regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance countermeasures are put forward. The regional social-ecosystem restoration and maintenance are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of space-time. Through this study, the following main understandings and conclusions are obtained: (1) Hongshui River Basin in Guangxi is a typical karst mountainous area, and it is also a relatively unique regional unit of Social-Ecological System in Guangxi. The region is rich in natural resources such as minerals, biology, tourism and agricultural climate, but the social-ecological system is extremely fragile, socio-economic and social. The backward development of culture is a typical poverty-stricken area in Guangxi. The resources and environment of the Hongshui River Basin and the sustainable development of economy and society are of great significance to the economic and social development of Guangxi and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. The hydrological system has special features of surface and underground structure, and its natural background is fragile. The fragility of the study area is aggravated by the strong disturbance of human economic and social activities in the late superimposed period. (3) Considering the characteristics of regional social-ecosystem and its elements, the evaluation index system of social-ecosystem in Hongshui River basin was constructed with natural system and economic-social system as the criterion layer, and the entropy method was used to study the social-ecosystem in the study area from the two dimensions of time and space. Quantitative evaluation of system vulnerability was carried out. According to the evaluation results, the vulnerability of the study area was divided into five grades: extreme vulnerability (I), severe vulnerability (II), moderate vulnerability (III), mild vulnerability (IV) and mild vulnerability (V). (4) The evaluation results showed that the central region of the study area was the most vulnerable, and the southeast and northwest regions were in general one by one. The comprehensive evaluation value of regional vulnerability showed a downward trend from 2000 to 2015, with a slight increase from 2000 to 2005 and a gradual decrease from 2010 to 2015. Strong ecological construction and environmental protection, development of diversified economy, intensification of infrastructure construction, investment attraction, introduction of talent, establishment of Social-Ecological System Monitoring and management, according to the characteristics of each vulnerable type of region, adopt targeted measures. II) Type areas should focus on the development of three-dimensional ecological agriculture, the development of rural socio-economic, and the restoration and maintenance of the balance of natural systems; moderately vulnerable (III) type areas should give priority to the protection and improvement of cultivated land to achieve sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems; and mildly vulnerable (IV) type areas should focus on promoting the conversion of farmland to forests and grasslands, and gradually increase vegetation coverage. Large environmental capacity and stability; the key to vulnerable (V) type areas is to control the number of people, improve the quality of population, and realize the adaptation of population development to economic development and resource carrying capacity.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X2;C912.8
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 周强;周慧杰;李史干;朱杰;吴燕婷;刘云东;刘警鉴;;广西红水河流域生态经济区划初探[J];企业科技与发展;2017年10期
，本文编号：2208035
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/shgj/2208035.html
教材专著
