权力对职业性别刻板印象的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 06:07

【摘要】：刻板印象是指人们对于某社会群体所形成的简单概括的看法，并且这种看法稳定，较难改变，，与特定特征和行为相联系。职业性别刻板印象作为刻板印象的重要研究内容，一直备受关注。高权力的人常占据重要的社会地位，其决策结果对社会和组织有的影响更大，因而了解高权力者职业性别刻板的特点及其干预策略，具有重要意义。本文采用内隐联想测验来探讨高、低权力者内隐职业性别刻板印象的差异，并引入个体特征信息来探讨个体化信息对不同权力个体刻板印象应用的影响，最后探讨意识性抑制能否有效的干预不同权力个体的刻板印象。本文首先从刻板印象的内涵、测量方法和前人相关研究等方面对刻板印象的研究现状做简单介绍。然后，对权力的概念、权力对刻板印象的影响进行总结。最后，通过三个实验研究探讨权力对职业性别刻板影响，并尝试探索意识性抑制对于不同权力者刻板印象的干预效果。实验1的研究目的运用内隐联想测验来研究个体是否存在内隐职业性别刻板印象，以及不同权力感的人这种刻板印象是否存在差异。实验通过个体权力感量表对被试进行分组，然后完成IAT测验，通过被试在相容和不相容任务上的反应时来探究被试的内隐职业性别刻板印象。结果表明，个体存在职业性别刻板印象，并且权力的效应显著，相比于低权力者，高权力的人有着更高的职业性别刻板印象。实验2的研究目的是探讨对于不同权力感个体，目标的个体化特征能否很好的干预个体的职业性别刻板印象。实验通过呈现不同人物的照片以及不同的个体特征信息，让被试迫选人物的职业。结果表明，高权力的人更多的依据职业性别刻板印象来判定人物的职业，而低权力的人会更多的考虑到个体化信息，判断人物职业时会依据人物的性格特征。实验3的研究目的是要探讨意识性抑制这一刻板印象干预策略能否有效地减少不同权力感个体的职业性别刻板印象。实验给被试呈现一张女性经理的照片，让被试对照片人物生活典型的一天进行描述。后进行材料阅读，并对材料人物进行刻板评分。实验结果表明，意识性抑制虽然能占时抑制个体的刻板印象，但在个体抑制解除后，会出现刻板印象反弹。总之，权力会引发更高的内隐职业性别刻板印象；高权力个体在判断他人职业时会更多的依据刻板印象，较少考虑个体化信息；意识性抑制对高权力个体的刻板印象干预效果不明显，在抑制解除后，高权力个体会出现刻板印象反弹。
[Abstract]:Stereotype refers to a simple and general view of a social group, which is stable, difficult to change and associated with specific characteristics and behaviors. Occupational gender stereotyping, as an important research content of stereotype, has been paid close attention to all the time. High-power people often occupy an important social position, and their decision-making results have a greater impact on society and organizations. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of occupational gender stereotype of high-power persons and their intervention strategies. This paper uses implicit association test to explore the difference of implicit occupational stereotype among high and low power individuals, and introduces individual characteristic information to explore the influence of individual information on the application of individual stereotype of different power. Finally, this paper discusses whether conscious inhibition can effectively interfere with the stereotype of individuals with different powers. This paper first introduces the research status of stereotype in terms of its connotation, measurement methods and previous studies. Then, the concept of power, the influence of power on stereotype is summarized. Finally, through three experimental studies to explore the influence of power on occupational gender stereotype, and try to explore the influence of conscious inhibition on the stereotype of different power. The purpose of experiment 1 is to use implicit association test to study the existence of implicit occupational gender stereotype and whether there are differences in the stereotype of people with different sense of power. The subjects were divided into groups by the individual sense of Power scale, and then IAT test was completed. The implicit occupational gender stereotype was explored by the reaction time of the subjects on compatible and incompatible tasks. The results showed that the individual had occupational gender stereotype, and the effect of power was significant. Compared with the low-power, the high-power people had higher occupational gender stereotype. The purpose of experiment 2 is to explore whether the individualized characteristics of the target can well interfere with the occupational gender stereotype for individuals with different sense of power. By presenting photographs of different characters and information of individual characteristics, the subjects were forced to choose their careers. The results showed that the high-power people were more likely to judge the character's occupation on the basis of the professional gender stereotype, while the low-power people would consider the individualized information more, and judge the character characteristics of the character when judging the character of the character. The purpose of experiment 3 is to explore whether the intervention strategy of conscious inhibition can effectively reduce the occupational gender stereotype of individuals with different sense of power. The subjects were shown a picture of a woman manager and asked to describe the typical day of their lives. After reading the material, and material characters for the stereotype score. The experimental results show that conscious inhibition can inhibit individual stereotype, but after individual inhibition is lifted, stereotype will rebound. In short, power will lead to higher implicit occupational gender stereotype, high-power individuals will judge the occupation of others more basis stereotype, less consideration of individualized information; The effect of conscious inhibition on the stereotype of high power individuals is not obvious. After the inhibition is lifted, the high power individuals will appear stereotype rebound.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C913.2;C912.6

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