结构依然有效:迈向政治社会研究的“结构-过程”分析范式

发布时间：2018-09-01 12:42

【摘要】：在政治社会研究领域,结构功能主义具有持久而强大的影响力。由于侧重提供社会规范的知识,结构功能主义显得"静态有余动态不足"。其批评者侧重于解释社会,力图动态地研究社会问题。二者围绕"均衡与冲突、整体主义与个体主义、宏观与微观"形成了极化的对立。然而,结构功能主义及其批评并非非此即彼、水火不容。双方"只及一点,不及其余"的缺陷,反而遗留了重要却未经深入的中间地带。政治社会的快速变迁,亟须方法论层面的创新,"结构-过程"分析范式,就是力图综合规范和解释两个部分,实现宏观理论与微观经验的连接。其中,过程负责"适应"或"打破",结构负责"秩序";结构侧重对过程的抽象,过程侧重解释结构的触发机制,过程与结构互相依赖。这种分析范式的建构和应用,旨在通过对政治社会实践的操作主体、运行逻辑、运行效果,以及主体关系的考察,一方面,观察政治社会运行的实际过程;另一方面,避免滑向小因果关系的理论自缚,从而把握政治社会运行的深层逻辑。
[Abstract]:In the field of political and social research, structural functionalism has a lasting and powerful influence. Due to the emphasis on providing knowledge of social norms, structural functionalism appears to be "static and dynamic." Its critics focus on explaining society and trying to study social problems dynamically. The two forms polarization opposites around equilibrium and conflict, holism and individualism, macro and micro. However, structural functionalism and its criticism are neither one nor the other. The "only one, less than the rest" flaw left an important but not deep middle ground. With the rapid change of political society, it is urgent to innovate in methodology. The "structure-process" analysis paradigm is trying to integrate the two parts of standardization and explanation to realize the connection between macro theory and micro experience. Among them, the process is responsible for "adaptation" or "breaking", the structure is responsible for "order", the structure emphasizes the abstraction of the process, the process focuses on explaining the trigger mechanism of the structure, and the process and the structure depend on each other. The purpose of the construction and application of this analytical paradigm is to observe the actual process of the operation of the political society on the one hand, and the actual process of the political and social operation on the other hand, through the investigation of the operating subject, the operational logic, the operational effect and the relationship of the subject in the political and social practice. Avoid sliding to the theory of small causality, so as to grasp the deep logic of political and social operation.
【作者单位】：中南大学公共管理学院;南开大学中国政府与政策联合研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新型城镇化背景下的城乡关系研究”(15ZDA044)的研究成果江苏省新型城镇化与社会协同创新中心(16SZU16)的研究成果
【分类号】：C912

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