女性受教育程度与职业地位相关性的研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 16:20

【摘要】：受教育程度是影响女性职业地位的重要因素之一,传统的人力资本等理论认为,教育是增加女性人力资本的方式,可以帮助女性获得更好的职业。新中国成立后,我国女性教育事业的发展走上正轨,改革开放后更是迎来了女性高等教育的黄金发展期,政府对教育的高投入,使女性的受教育水平和平均受教育年限有了极大提高。同时,中国的社会结构也发生巨大的变化,在如此变化之下,中国作为世界上女性劳动力参与率最高的国家之一,女性的职业结构发生了怎样的变化,和女性受教育程度之间有着何种相关性是本次研究主要探讨的内容。首先,本文通过查阅文献对中国的职业结构、职业地位、职业流动等概念进行了界定和说明,梳理了本次研究中白领和蓝领的界定范围。随后概括了自新中国成立到改革开放我国女性受教育水平的阶段性发展状况,通过收集历年《中国教育统计年鉴》的相关数据,得出不同时期在校女大学生的比例变化。并将高等教育的毛入学率和在校女大学生比例与部分发达国家作对比,体现高等教育尤其是女性高等教育的不断变化与发达国家的差异。其次,本文通过收集历年《中国劳动统计年鉴》的相关数据,将不同时期我国的职业结构和职业性别结构数据计算出来汇编成表格,同样以时间维度对比不同时期女性职业结构的变化和分职业女性职业结构的变化,这样不仅可以直观观察到各职业类型女性从业人员占所有女性从业人员总数的比例,也可以观察到各职业类型女性从业人员占所有从业人员的比例,通过白领、蓝领职业性别结构的变迁从而分析女性职业地位的变迁。最后,本文通过对白领女性不同年龄组受教育程度的分析并与男性比较,发现白领职业男女比例的变化存在差异,女性在职业流动上受教育程度的影响更多。同时,通过我国就业女性的受教育程度变化趋势和白领女性中大学生比例的不断提高可以看出,我国女性受教育程度的不断提高使得女性的职业结构不断优化,职业地位不断提高。但我国高等教育的发展,使我国在校女大学生比例与职业性别结构错位,无论是通过高等教育的毛入学率与职业结构计算还是通过高校毕业生与职业再生产计算,都可以得出我国女大学生就业难的实质是教育结构与职业结构的不对称,因而优化女性职业结构,提高女性职业地位还需要将教育结构和职业结构联系起来发展。
[Abstract]:Education level is one of the important factors that influence women's professional status. Traditional theories such as human capital hold that education is a way to increase women's human capital, which can help women to obtain better jobs. Since the founding of New China, the development of female education in China has been on the right track. After the reform and opening up, the golden development period of female higher education has been ushered in. The government has made a high investment in education. This has greatly improved the level of education and the average number of years of education for women. At the same time, great changes have taken place in the social structure of China. Under such changes, what has happened to the professional structure of women in China, as one of the countries with the highest female labour force participation rate in the world? What is the correlation between the education level of women and women is the main content of this study. Firstly, this paper defines and explains the concepts of professional structure, professional status and career mobility in China by consulting literature, and combs the definition of white-collar and blue-collar in this study. Then it summarizes the stage development of women's education level from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up in China. By collecting the relevant data of China Education Statistics Yearbook in past years, the paper draws the proportion changes of female college students in different periods. The gross enrolment rate and the proportion of female college students in higher education are compared with those in some developed countries to reflect the constant change of higher education, especially female higher education, and the difference between the developed countries and the higher education. Secondly, by collecting the relevant data from the Yearbook of Labor Statistics of China over the years, this paper calculates and compiles the data of occupational structure and occupational gender structure in different periods into a table. The same time dimension is used to compare the changes of female career structure in different periods and the changes of female occupation structure in different periods, which can not only directly observe the proportion of female employees of all occupational types to the total number of female employees. It can also be observed that the proportion of female employees of various types of occupation to all employees, through the changes of the sex structure of white-collar and blue-collar occupations, the changes of women's professional status can be analyzed. Finally, by analyzing the educational level of white-collar women in different age groups and comparing with men, it is found that there are differences in the ratio of male and female in white-collar occupation, and women have more influence on the educational level of occupational mobility. At the same time, through the trend of educational level change of employed women in our country and the increasing proportion of college students among white-collar women, we can see that the continuous improvement of female education level in our country makes the career structure of women constantly optimize. Professional status is rising. However, with the development of higher education in China, the proportion of female college students in our country is misplaced with the occupational sex structure, whether through the calculation of gross enrolment rate and occupation structure of higher education or the calculation of graduates and vocational reproduction. It can be concluded that the essence of the employment difficulties of female college students in China is the asymmetry between the educational structure and the vocational structure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the educational structure and the vocational structure to optimize the female vocational structure and improve the female professional status.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68

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