撤县设区对经济增长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 09:29

【摘要】：城市化被广泛认为是现代经济增长的重要组成部分,它包含了一个经济体从以农业为主的农村经济转变为以工业为主的城市经济的过程。我国城市化还肩负着扩大国内需求、拉动经济增长的重任。从我国的城市发展经验来看,行政区划调整是中央推动城市化的重要工具,与城市化有关的行政区划调整政策主要有两类:创立新的城市和扩大已有城市规模。创立新的城市的手段包括设立直辖市和撤县为县级市,扩大已有城市规模的手段则主要是撤县设区。总体而言,两类政策都扩大了城市空间,区别是前者增加了我国城市的数量,既有大城市也有小城市,而后者则显著扩大了已有城市的规模。前人有专门研究过设立直辖市和撤县为县级市的政策效果如何,一方面设立直辖市虽然有利于经济增长,但是行政区划调整变更很大,中央政府很少采用。另一方面,撤县为县级市的效果又不理想,因此1997年后此政策遭到冻结。取而代之的是撤县设区政策的兴起,尤其近几年更甚,主要原因是因为城市自身的客观需要和地级市政府之所以热衷于撤县设区,是因为他们认为撤县设区能够消除行政壁垒,可能有利于城市的经济增长。其实在发达国家为了满足城市扩张也会进行行政区划调整,可是合并成功与否需要当地民众进行公投,因此体现了民众和市场的需求。而我国的撤县设区由政府主导,这一过程有可能与市场规律相悖,形成假性城市化和城市摊大饼式扩张。但从积极意义上来看,这种撤并政策可能促进了各县区之间的经济联系和市场融合,有助于降低行政壁垒,提升城市集聚经济。因此针对地方政府为了实现经济增长而采取的撤县设区政策以及国家治理层级的调整提供理论支持和政策优化建议。本文全面系统地把握我国撤县设区的动因和实施情况,重点研究了撤县设区对区域经济增长影响的潜在机制,实证研究了撤县设区政策对经济增长的影响效果。首先对撤县设区政策寻找理论依据,对前人研究进行相关梳理;然后重点介绍撤县设区在我国的实施情况,分析了实施撤县设区的动因;接着理论上探索了撤县设区对区域经济增长影响的潜在机制;最后运用双重差分模型实证研究了撤县设区对城市经济增长的影响,得出短期内并没有显著影响的结论。根据相关结论,给出政策建议:行政区划调整应该遵循行政区与经济区相协调原则、因地制宜原则以及方便管理原则。同时撤县设区政策实施之前一定要经过周密的调查研究,不要一味追求撤县设区这一种行政区划调整手段。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is widely regarded as an important part of modern economic growth, which includes the process of changing an economy from an agriculture-oriented rural economy to an industrial-oriented urban economy. China's urbanization is also shouldering the burden of expanding domestic demand and stimulating economic growth. From the experience of urban development in China, the adjustment of administrative divisions is an important tool for the central government to promote urbanization. There are two kinds of adjustment policies related to urbanization: to create new cities and to expand the scale of existing cities. The means of creating new cities include setting up municipalities directly under the Central Government and withdrawing counties as county-level cities, while the means of expanding the scale of existing cities are mainly to divide counties into districts. In general, the two policies expand the urban space, the difference is that the former increases the number of cities in China, both big cities and small cities, while the latter significantly expands the scale of existing cities. Predecessors have specially studied the policy effect of establishing municipalities directly under the Central Government and withdrawing counties as county-level cities. On the one hand, setting up municipalities directly under the Central Government is conducive to economic growth, but the adjustment of administrative divisions has changed greatly, and rarely adopted by the central government. On the other hand, the effect of withdrawing county as county-level city is not ideal, so the policy was frozen after 1997. Instead, the rise of the policy of setting up districts at the county level, especially in recent years, is mainly due to the objective needs of the city itself and the enthusiasm of the prefectural government for the division of the county, because they believe that the withdrawal of the county and the establishment of the district can eliminate administrative barriers. It may be good for the economic growth of the city. As a matter of fact, in developed countries, administrative divisions will be adjusted in order to meet the needs of urban expansion, but the success of the merger requires a referendum by the local people, thus reflecting the needs of the people and the market. However, the withdrawal of counties and districts in our country is dominated by the government, which may be contrary to the law of the market and form pseudo-urbanization and urban sprawl. However, in a positive sense, this policy may promote the economic connection and market integration among counties and districts, help to lower administrative barriers and promote the urban agglomeration economy. Therefore, this paper provides theoretical support and policy optimization suggestions for the local government to withdraw county and district policy and adjust the national governance level to achieve economic growth. This paper comprehensively and systematically grasps the motive and the implementation situation of the withdrawal county to divide the area, has studied the potential mechanism of the withdrawal county to divide the area to the regional economic growth influence emphatically, has studied empirically the influence effect of the policy of the withdrawal county to the economic growth. First of all, to find the theoretical basis for the policy of the county withdrawal area, and related to the previous studies; then focus on the introduction of the implementation of the county district in our country, analysis of the reasons for the implementation of the county area withdrawal; Then the paper theoretically explores the potential mechanism of the regional economic growth. Finally, using the double difference model, the paper empirically studies the impact on the urban economic growth by using the double difference model, and draws the conclusion that there is no significant impact in the short term. According to the relevant conclusions, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions: the adjustment of administrative divisions should follow the principle of coordination between administrative regions and economic zones, the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and the principle of convenient management. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out thorough investigation and study before the implementation of the policy of withdrawing counties and districts, and do not blindly pursue this means of administrative division adjustment.
【学位授予单位】：广东省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.81;F124

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