“双创”背景下中国妇女创业的机遇与挑战研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 21:25
【摘要】：妇女地位和家庭关系的演变是马克思历史唯物主义理论的组成部分。恩格斯晚年在考察古代社会以完善历史唯物主义理论的过程中,形成了科学的妇女解放思想。从根源上看,私有制和阶级压迫的产生是妇女受压迫的根本原因。正是由于妇女脱离了社会劳动,才使妇女像所有私有产品和被压迫阶级那样,开始处于一种被奴役、被支配的从属地位,所以妇女的解放以生产力的极大发展为前提,这种生产力的进步使妇女繁重的家务劳动得以减轻,能够从事更多的社会劳动。现实中,妇女解放的程度已经成为衡量一个社会进步程度的标准。互联网时代背景下,工业社会生产力的极大发展不仅为妇女解放提供了历史前提,还为妇女创业实现经济独立创造了新的历史机遇。当前中国妇女创业在动机构成和领导风格上存在明显的性别特征,这些特征是妇女创业的特色,也是其显著优势。在性别差异视角下,文章对中国主要群体,如民营企业家、女大学生、下岗女工和女性网红的创业现状进行了深入研究,以发现、总结妇女创业的现实困境。主要困境有:在国家政策制定过程中存在女性边缘化或隔离的现象;在创业教育培训方面,实际建设滞后于妇女创业的蓬勃发展;而妇女创业的行业也多以规模较小的企业为主;最后社会环境也不利于妇女创业,主要表现为社会和家庭双重身份之间的难以兼顾。针对这些现实困境,结合妇女创业的性别特征,文章提出了推进妇女创业的对策建议。在政策扶持方面,国家应效仿一些发达国家,将推进妇女创业的决策纳入顶层设计中、加强创新创业教育力度、构建完善的孵化器集群以及促进网络电商生态体系的日益完善。在社会环境方面,国家应落实家务劳动社会化的进程同时应发挥妇女组织尤其是妇联的重要支撑作用。自提出"大众创业、万众创新"政策号召以来,妇联在平台创建、培训服务、舆论环境等方面都发挥了重要作用,是妇女创业的重要推手。
[Abstract]:The evolution of women's status and family relationship is the component of Marx's historical materialism theory. In his later years, Engels formed a scientific emancipation of women's minds in the course of investigating the ancient society and perfecting the historical materialism theory. From the root, the emergence of private ownership and class oppression is the root cause of women's oppression. It is precisely because of the separation of women from social labour that women, like all private goods and oppressed classes, have begun to be enslaved and dominated, and that the emancipation of women is premised on the great development of productive forces. This improvement in productivity reduces women's heavy domestic work and enables them to engage in more social work. In reality, the degree of women's liberation has become a measure of social progress. Under the background of the Internet era, the great development of industrial social productivity not only provides a historical premise for women's liberation, but also creates a new historical opportunity for women's entrepreneurship to realize their economic independence. At present, there are obvious gender characteristics in motivation composition and leadership style of Chinese women's entrepreneurship, which are the characteristics of women's entrepreneurship as well as their significant advantages. From the perspective of gender difference, this paper makes an in-depth study on the current situation of entrepreneurship of major groups in China, such as private entrepreneurs, female college students, laid-off women workers and female network celebrities, in order to find out the practical dilemma of women's entrepreneurship. The main difficulties are: the phenomenon of women being marginalized or segregated in the process of national policy making, the fact that the construction lags behind the vigorous development of women's entrepreneurship in the aspect of entrepreneurship education and training; The industry of women's entrepreneurship is mainly small enterprises, and the final social environment is not conducive to women's entrepreneurship, mainly for the dual identity of society and family difficult to take into account. In view of these practical difficulties, combined with the gender characteristics of women's entrepreneurship, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote women's entrepreneurship. In terms of policy support, the country should follow the example of some developed countries, incorporate the decision to promote women's entrepreneurship into the top-level design, strengthen innovative entrepreneurship education, build a perfect incubator cluster and promote the improvement of the network ecommerce ecological system. In terms of social environment, the state should carry out the process of socialization of domestic work and give play to the important supporting role of women's organizations, especially women's federations. Since putting forward the policy call of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation", the Women's Federation has played an important role in the establishment of platform, training service, public opinion environment and so on, and is an important promoter of women's entrepreneurship.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2;C913.68
本文编号：2278038
[Abstract]:The evolution of women's status and family relationship is the component of Marx's historical materialism theory. In his later years, Engels formed a scientific emancipation of women's minds in the course of investigating the ancient society and perfecting the historical materialism theory. From the root, the emergence of private ownership and class oppression is the root cause of women's oppression. It is precisely because of the separation of women from social labour that women, like all private goods and oppressed classes, have begun to be enslaved and dominated, and that the emancipation of women is premised on the great development of productive forces. This improvement in productivity reduces women's heavy domestic work and enables them to engage in more social work. In reality, the degree of women's liberation has become a measure of social progress. Under the background of the Internet era, the great development of industrial social productivity not only provides a historical premise for women's liberation, but also creates a new historical opportunity for women's entrepreneurship to realize their economic independence. At present, there are obvious gender characteristics in motivation composition and leadership style of Chinese women's entrepreneurship, which are the characteristics of women's entrepreneurship as well as their significant advantages. From the perspective of gender difference, this paper makes an in-depth study on the current situation of entrepreneurship of major groups in China, such as private entrepreneurs, female college students, laid-off women workers and female network celebrities, in order to find out the practical dilemma of women's entrepreneurship. The main difficulties are: the phenomenon of women being marginalized or segregated in the process of national policy making, the fact that the construction lags behind the vigorous development of women's entrepreneurship in the aspect of entrepreneurship education and training; The industry of women's entrepreneurship is mainly small enterprises, and the final social environment is not conducive to women's entrepreneurship, mainly for the dual identity of society and family difficult to take into account. In view of these practical difficulties, combined with the gender characteristics of women's entrepreneurship, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote women's entrepreneurship. In terms of policy support, the country should follow the example of some developed countries, incorporate the decision to promote women's entrepreneurship into the top-level design, strengthen innovative entrepreneurship education, build a perfect incubator cluster and promote the improvement of the network ecommerce ecological system. In terms of social environment, the state should carry out the process of socialization of domestic work and give play to the important supporting role of women's organizations, especially women's federations. Since putting forward the policy call of "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation", the Women's Federation has played an important role in the establishment of platform, training service, public opinion environment and so on, and is an important promoter of women's entrepreneurship.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2;C913.68
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