乡土社会秩序的巨变——文化转型背景下乡村社会生活秩序的再调适
发布时间：2018-10-25 12:33
【摘要】：文化转型背景下,中国乡土社会的秩序正在发生变迁,并遵循着从"差序格局"到"文野之别"、再到国家权力下行的路径。在宏观层面上,中国乡土社会秩序在政治制度和权威关系、个体意识等方面均发生改变。民国以后,在国家权力不断渗透到基层乡村的一系列制度(保甲制度、人民公社制度、村民自治制度)中,呈现出村庄内生秩序和国家建构秩序的共存和调适的情形。文章从社会秩序的概念入手,围绕三个问题进行阐述:社会秩序在历史中的嬗变;社会转型期两种社会秩序(礼治秩序和法治秩序)过渡与并置的局面;以及试图描述文化转型进程中乡土新秩序的变迁和文化调适的图景。最后提出人类学家应对乡村社会秩序变迁应该具有的态度,即理解乡村社会秩序的变迁需要重视文化的"粘合剂"作用以及我国传统礼俗社会的人情因素。理解乡村社会问题应具有更加包容的心态。
[Abstract]:Under the background of cultural transformation, the order of China's rural society is undergoing changes, and follows the path from "differential order pattern" to "the difference of Wen and Ye", and then to the downward trend of state power. At the macro level, the local social order in China has changed in the political system, the relationship of authority, the individual consciousness and so on. After the Republic of China, in a series of systems (Baojia system, people's commune system, villager autonomy system), the state power continuously infiltrated into the grass-roots villages, showing the coexistence and adjustment of the endogenous order of the village and the order of national construction. Starting with the concept of social order, this paper expounds three problems: the evolution of social order in history, the transition and juxtaposition of two kinds of social order (order of rule of etiquette and order of rule of law) in the period of social transformation; And try to describe the changes of the new order and cultural adjustment in the process of cultural transformation. Finally, the anthropologists should have the attitude to the change of rural social order, that is, to understand the change of rural social order needs to attach importance to the role of cultural "binder" and the human factors of the traditional society of etiquette and custom in our country. Understanding rural social problems should have a more inclusive mentality.
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学人类学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“文化转型背景下乡土社会秩序的变迁与重建研究”(15ASH012)的支持
【分类号】：C912.82
[Abstract]:Under the background of cultural transformation, the order of China's rural society is undergoing changes, and follows the path from "differential order pattern" to "the difference of Wen and Ye", and then to the downward trend of state power. At the macro level, the local social order in China has changed in the political system, the relationship of authority, the individual consciousness and so on. After the Republic of China, in a series of systems (Baojia system, people's commune system, villager autonomy system), the state power continuously infiltrated into the grass-roots villages, showing the coexistence and adjustment of the endogenous order of the village and the order of national construction. Starting with the concept of social order, this paper expounds three problems: the evolution of social order in history, the transition and juxtaposition of two kinds of social order (order of rule of etiquette and order of rule of law) in the period of social transformation; And try to describe the changes of the new order and cultural adjustment in the process of cultural transformation. Finally, the anthropologists should have the attitude to the change of rural social order, that is, to understand the change of rural social order needs to attach importance to the role of cultural "binder" and the human factors of the traditional society of etiquette and custom in our country. Understanding rural social problems should have a more inclusive mentality.
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学人类学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“文化转型背景下乡土社会秩序的变迁与重建研究”(15ASH012)的支持
【分类号】：C912.82
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