儿童期性侵犯受害者不同创伤反应的应对策略

发布时间：2018-11-11 08:58

【摘要】：关于儿童性侵犯的发生率,虽然没有确切的统计数据显示,但是西方的许多研究都已经证明,儿童性侵犯问题并不少见。从古至今,儿童性侵犯现象从未在中国的史籍、文学作品乃至社会生活中销声匿迹。由于性问题的敏感性,仍有很多性侵犯问题没有被揭露,而不论揭露与否,性侵犯给受害者童年期乃至成年期所造成的心理创伤都是难以平息的。因此,在有限的资源条件下,研究性侵犯受害者的创伤反应经验,并从思想观念、心理方面、社会支持等多方面引导他们的心理创伤康复,是具有重要的实际意义的。本文采用质的研究方法,通过对20位儿童期性侵犯受害者的深度访谈,了解他们在儿童期受性侵犯的过程及自身和家人的创伤反应,性侵犯遭遇对他们成年后的工作和生活所带来的各种影响,这包括心理、行为和躯体三方面的影响,并提出在中国这样一个性观念相对保守的国家里,如何抚慰儿童期性侵犯受害者及其家人所受的各种创伤,如何引导他们尽快走出性侵犯遭遇的阴影,重新收获自信,开始新的生活。研究结果表明:1.儿童期性侵犯受害者明显出现了多种创伤反应,其中心理创伤反应类型主要表现为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、分离障碍、抑郁和自卑、自杀或企图自杀这四种情况,行为创伤反应类型主要表现为多种性行为问题、学业受创、性格转变、职业选择偏差等,此外,受害者还受到了明显的躯体伤害。2.针对受害者的创伤反应,本文认为可以从以下三个方面对受害者进行引导:一是转变受害者及社会大众对性侵犯事件的认识误区,摒弃陈旧的贞操观念,建立积极的性观念认识;二是摆正心理辅导者和受害者的角色定位关系,及时地梳理受害者的心理障碍;三是整合多方面力量,建立以家庭、学校、社会三个体系为一体的支持系统。
[Abstract]:Although there are no exact statistics on the incidence of child sexual assault, many studies in the West have shown that child sexual abuse is not uncommon. Since ancient times, the phenomenon of child sexual assault has never disappeared in Chinese history, literature and even social life. Because of the sensitivity of the sexual issue, there are still many sexual assault problems that have not been revealed, and no matter whether it is revealed or not, the psychological trauma caused by the sexual assault to the victim's childhood and even adulthood is difficult to appease. Therefore, under the condition of limited resources, it is of great practical significance to study the experience of traumatic reaction of victims of sexual assault, and to guide their recovery from the aspects of ideology, psychology and social support. In this paper, a qualitative study was conducted to investigate the process of sexual assault in childhood and the traumatic reactions of their own and their families through in-depth interviews with 20 child victims of sexual assault. The impact of sexual assault on their work and life as adults includes psychological, behavioral and physical effects, and suggests that in a country like China, where sexual attitudes are relatively conservative, How to soothe all kinds of injuries suffered by child sexual assault victims and their families, how to guide them out of the shadow of sexual assault as soon as possible, and how to regain self-confidence and start a new life. The results show that: 1. There are many kinds of traumatic reactions in child sexual abuse victims. The main types of psychological trauma reactions are (PTSD), separation disorder, depression and inferiority complex, suicide or attempted suicide. The main types of behavioral trauma reaction were multiple sexual behavior problems, academic injury, personality change, bias of career choice, and so on. In addition, the victims also suffered obvious physical injury. 2. According to the traumatic reaction of the victims, the author thinks that the victims can be guided from the following three aspects: first, to change the misunderstanding of the victims and the general public on the sexual assault, and to abandon the old concept of chastity. To establish a positive understanding of the concept of sex; The second is to straighten out the role orientation relationship between psychological counselors and victims, and to comb the psychological barriers of the victims in time; third, to integrate various forces and establish a support system with three systems: family, school and society.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.5

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