从众与服从的演化及其“齐美尔”意义
发布时间：2018-11-17 20:08
【摘要】：在合作秩序的起源、扩展和维系的问题上,利他性一直是研究的主要方向。继亲缘选择、互惠利他等多种形式的利他理论之后,研究逐步聚焦于利他惩罚机制的形成和维系上。但基于单纯利他惩罚的强互惠理论并不能很好地解释大规模合作的起源和维系问题,模仿他人的从众和对权威的服从这类行为倾向,通过群选择和群成员的同质化,同样对合作的起源、扩张和维系起着不可或缺的作用。基于从众和服从的这种集体性的特殊合作行为虽然没有表现出合作剩余和利他性,但却避免了非合作的损失,它们在促进群合作规模的同时,也降低了合作维系的成本。虽然从众和服从广泛存在于生物界中,但人类的从众和服从表现出更为复杂的特点,如更为复杂的规范性从众,基于风险规避和资源分配的支配-服从秩序等。尤为重要的是,人类在从众和服从倾向的进化过程中,保持了与之相反的抵触性倾向,即不从众和不服从,正是这种对抗性的机制,为合作秩序的持续扩展与演化提供了动力。
[Abstract]:Altruism has been the main research direction in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperative order. Following the altruistic theories of kinship selection, reciprocal altruism and so on, the research has gradually focused on the formation and maintenance of altruistic punishment mechanism. However, the theory of strong reciprocity based on simple altruistic punishment can not explain the origin and maintenance of large-scale cooperation, imitate the behavior tendency of others' conformity and authority, through group selection and homogeneity of group members. It also plays an indispensable role in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperation. Although the special cooperative behavior based on conformity and servitude does not show cooperation surplus and altruism, it avoids the loss of non-cooperation. While they promote the scale of group cooperation, they also reduce the cost of cooperation maintenance. Although conformity and serviceability widely exist in the biological world, human conformity and serviceability show more complicated characteristics, such as more complicated normative conformity, dominating and subordinate order based on risk aversion and resource allocation, and so on. What is more important is that in the course of the evolution of conformity and servitude, human beings maintain the opposite tendency of conflict, that is, disobedience and disobedience. It is this antagonistic mechanism that provides the motive force for the continuous expansion and evolution of the cooperative order.
【作者单位】： 中南财经政法大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“以国民共享和产业协同为导向的创新驱动战略及政策选择研究”(14BJL005)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C91-0
，
本文编号：2338910
[Abstract]:Altruism has been the main research direction in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperative order. Following the altruistic theories of kinship selection, reciprocal altruism and so on, the research has gradually focused on the formation and maintenance of altruistic punishment mechanism. However, the theory of strong reciprocity based on simple altruistic punishment can not explain the origin and maintenance of large-scale cooperation, imitate the behavior tendency of others' conformity and authority, through group selection and homogeneity of group members. It also plays an indispensable role in the origin, expansion and maintenance of cooperation. Although the special cooperative behavior based on conformity and servitude does not show cooperation surplus and altruism, it avoids the loss of non-cooperation. While they promote the scale of group cooperation, they also reduce the cost of cooperation maintenance. Although conformity and serviceability widely exist in the biological world, human conformity and serviceability show more complicated characteristics, such as more complicated normative conformity, dominating and subordinate order based on risk aversion and resource allocation, and so on. What is more important is that in the course of the evolution of conformity and servitude, human beings maintain the opposite tendency of conflict, that is, disobedience and disobedience. It is this antagonistic mechanism that provides the motive force for the continuous expansion and evolution of the cooperative order.
【作者单位】： 中南财经政法大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“以国民共享和产业协同为导向的创新驱动战略及政策选择研究”(14BJL005)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C91-0
，
本文编号：2338910
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