互联网社会动员的初步研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 15:09

【摘要】：当前,中国社会正处于社会转型加速期和利益格局深刻调整时期,社会矛盾凸显,社会焦虑加深,民众表意和维权需求日益强烈。然而,由于社会代偿机制的不健全,民众能够宣泄情绪和不满的渠道和场地有限,因此,互联网成为民众利益表达和诉求的重要渠道。互联网以其独特的媒体特性已被民间组织或个人用作发起动员的载体和手段之一。互联网社会动员是新时代条件下社会动员的一种新的形式,它不仅反映着我国转型时期的社会矛盾和社会问题,而且还为公众参与政治提供了一种非常方便和有效的手段和途径。它作为一把双刃剑,具有积极和消极的双重作用,已经深深影响到了社会生活的方方面面,对互联网社会动员进行全面的理论探讨不仅有助于我们加深对其本质的认识,而且有助于我们对其进行理性的引导和合理的利用。本文以信息时代与社会转型为背景,系统地阐述了互联网社会动员的概念、要素、类别、特征、形成规律、社会效应等,并分析了互联网社会动员中政府、媒体、网民三个不同的行为体的角色和作用,并在此基础上就如何应对互联网社会动员提出相应的对策和措施。互联网社会动员是动员主体借助网络这一特殊工具,为达到一定的目的,在网络空间针对特定事件进行组织和宣传,以引起网民集聚并在网上或网下形成集群行为的过程。互联网社会动员一般是借助于网站、论坛、博客、聊天工具等发布信息来组织实施。互联网社会动员包含四个基本要素:动员主体、动员客体、动员模式和动员主题。根据互联网社会动员不同的主体,可以把动员分为政府动员、媒体动员、个人及组织动员三种类型;根据性质的不同,可以分为冲突性动员与共意性动员;根据引发动员的事件所属空间的不同,可分为网外事件动员和网上事件动员。互联网社会动员除具有一般社会动员的共性外,还具有自身独特的特征:动员主体匿名性强、动员对象涉及面广、动员活动受时空限制小、参与者之间互动性较强、容易获得民众认同等等。引发互联网社会动员的因素有很多,互联网社会动员在其形成发展的过程中,也有着极为特殊的规律,它与利益因素高度关联,其参与度、广度和深度分别受地区差异、层级差异以及动员主题差异的影响,而政府的态度影响着动员的效果,其中,涉及国家利益和安全以及公共安全的动员易引发全民参与。互联网社会动员在现实生活中具有双重效应,一方面,它具有充分表达民意、推动事件解决、推进民主化进程、增强民族凝聚力等积极效应,另一方面它也有着引起社会冲突、破坏社会经济秩序、侵犯公民正当权利、制造社会动乱等消极效应。对此我们必须一分为二地看待,要对其进行合理引导,发挥其积极作用的同时避免其消极危害。互联网社会动员中有三个不同的行为体:政府、媒体、网民,这三者在动员活动中分别扮演着不同的角色,发挥着不同的作用。正确认识和处理三者的关系有利于互联网社会动员朝着理性、健康的方向发展。鉴于互联网社会动员对社会发展所具有的影响,我们在实践中应采取科学合理的应对措施,具体而言,正确应对互联网社会动员应从以下几方面着手:首先要高度重视互联网社会动员的作用,既要认识它积极合理的作用,也不能忽略它消极的作用,要趋利避害;其次要制定和完善网络法律法规,用严格的立法和执法来规范网民行为;第三要加强网络舆论的监管。要以行业监管为主,政府强制为辅,实行政府与行业的协同监管;第四要推进民主化进程建设。规范网络政治参与行为,畅通利益表达机制,保障公民的知情权,提升政府的公信力;第五要引领互联网社会动员,实行新闻发言人制度,推行网络问政,同时支持积极的网络动员,对消极的动员进行反动员;第六要建立合理网络动员机制。加强官方对网络的管控,拓展民间组织的网络功能,创新网络动员运行形式,推进多元动员模式的有机结合;最后要提高网民的综合素质。强化其法律意识、责任意识,提高其信息处理能力。互联网社会动员是一个动态的过程,我们应进一步探究其内在形成动力与机制,继续探索行之有效的方法手段,使互联网社会动员成为舒解民意渠道、促进社会发展,建设和谐社会的有力工具。
[Abstract]:At present, the Chinese society is in the period of social transformation acceleration and the deep adjustment of the benefit pattern, the social contradictions are prominent, the social anxiety is deepened, the people's ideality and the demand for human rights are becoming more and more intense. However, due to the imperfection of the social compensation mechanism, the people can vent their emotional and discontented channels and sites. Therefore, the Internet has become an important channel for the expression and demand of the people's interests. The Internet, with its unique media characteristics, has been used by civil society organizations or individuals as one of the carriers and means to initiate mobilization. The social mobilization of the Internet is a new form of social mobilization under the condition of the new age, which not only reflects the social contradictions and social problems in the transition period of our country, but also provides a very convenient and effective means for the public to participate in politics As a double-edged sword, it has the dual functions of positive and negative, which has deeply affected all aspects of social life, and it is helpful for us to guide and make rational use of it. With the background of the information age and the social transformation, this paper systematically expounds the concept, elements, categories, characteristics, formation and social effects of the Internet social mobilization, and analyzes the roles of the government, the media and the Internet users in the Internet social mobilization. and on the basis of this, how to deal with the Internet social mobilization and put forward the corresponding countermeasures Internet social mobilization is a special tool for mobilizing the main body with the help of the network. In order to achieve a certain purpose, the network space is organized and promoted in the network space for specific events, so as to cause the Internet users to gather and form on the Internet or the network The process of cluster behavior. Internet social mobilization is generally published by means of websites, forums, blogs, and other tools. Information to organize implementation. Internet social mobilization includes four basic elements: the mobilization of the subject, the mobilization of the object, the mobilization, It can be divided into three types: the mobilization of the government, the mobilization of the media, the individual and the organization. The space is different, and it can be divided into out-of-network event mobilization and has the unique characteristics of the internet social mobilization, which has the characteristics of strong anonymity, wide mobilization of objects, small mobilization activities, small space-time restrictions and strong interaction among the participants, People's identity and so on. There are many factors that raise the social mobilization of the Internet. The social mobilization of the Internet has a very special rule in the process of the development of the Internet. It is highly correlated with the interest factors and has a wide range of participation. The degree and depth of the government are affected by regional difference, level difference and the difference of the mobilization subject, and the government's attitude influences the effect of the mobilization, in which the national interests and safety and the public safety The social mobilization of the Internet has a double effect in the real life. On the one hand, it has the positive effects of fully expressing the public opinion, promoting the settlement of the events, promoting the process of democratization, and enhancing the national cohesion. On the other hand, it also has the same to cause social conflicts, to destroy the social and economic order, and to violate the right of the citizens In this respect, we must look at the negative effects of the right, the manufacturing of social unrest, and so on. The social mobilization of the Internet has three different actors: the government, the media, the netizens, the three in the mobilization activities It plays a different role and plays a different role. It is beneficial to understand and deal with the relationship of the three. In view of the influence of the social mobilization of the Internet on the development of the society, we should adopt scientific and reasonable response measures in practice, in particular, the right to the Internet social mobilization should be the following In the first place, we should pay great attention to the role of Internet social mobilization, not only to recognize the positive and reasonable role of the Internet, but also to ignore the negative effects of the Internet, and to avoid the harm; secondly, to formulate and perfect the network laws and regulations, and to use the strict legislation The third is to strengthen the regulation of network public opinion. The government and the industry cooperate and supervise; the fourth is to promote the process of democratization, to regulate the network's political participation, to clear the mechanism of interest expression, to guarantee the right of the citizens to know and to improve the credibility of the government, and to lead the social mobilization of the Internet and to carry out the press release. The system of the speaker, the introduction of the network and the administration of the network, while supporting the active network mobilization, It is necessary to establish a rational network mobilization mechanism, to strengthen the management and control of the network, to expand the network function of the civil society organizations, to innovate the network to mobilize and run the network, and to advance more The organic combination of the meta-mobilization mode; finally, to improve the comprehensive quality of the Internet users Strengthen its legal consciousness, sense of responsibility and improve its information processing ability. Internet social mobilization is a dynamic process, and we should further explore the means of forming power and mechanism, and continue to explore effective means to mobilize the Internet.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.2

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