缘何应建立中国女性科学范式
发布时间：2018-12-09 16:49
【摘要】：长久以来,由于男女两性的差异,在所谓的女性特质的影响下,女性变得更为柔弱,行动更为迟缓,行为更加犹疑,谈吐缺乏自信。同时女性特质将令人窒息的繁文缛节,束缚女性,使女性不能在工作中充分施展抱负,不能与男性展开正常竞争。但随着19世纪末期,妇女解放运动形成的浪潮,这种不均势被打破,女性开始要求生命全历程平等。到了20世纪60年代,女性主义的学术研究开始兴起,并进而要求男性辅助女性摆脱蒙昧和压制,走向等位同格。 进入21世纪,女性主义的社会思潮开始形成世界范围内的合力,而女性主义体系自身也得到进一步加强,但遗憾的是对自然科学的审视这一女性主义的重要课题却没能引起足够的重视。自然科学领域内的男性主义仍然占据着极为重要的地位。一些女性主义流派的出现,在试图解决这一问题的基础上进行了相应的研究,并且取得了一定的成效,但仍非常有限。 回顾诺贝尔奖获奖路,虽然没有中国国籍的男科学家夺奖,但华裔男科学家却是榜上有名。与此同时,可以发现获得诺贝尔奖的华裔女性人数却为零。是华裔女性的智商与能力不够吗?(吴健雄凭着敏锐的洞察力,以精湛的技术做出实验,率先打破了被物理学界奉为金科玉律的“宇称守恒定律”,证明了“在弱相互作用下宇称不守恒”——著名的“李、杨假设”。这一伟大的实验不仅使理论的提出者李政道、扬振宁荣获了当年诺贝尔奖,而且震撼了整个物理学界,也震撼了科学界。遗憾的是吴健雄未能一同获奖。)还是大多数具有才能的女性放弃了研究科研项目的可能性呢；是主观原因还是客观原因呢；是国家社会习俗的原因;教育制度的原因；“马太效应”；是自我的创新能力不够;兴趣受到打压；学校或导师对于女性学生的接受度不高；家庭因素；亦或是否定了自身所具有的潜力；又或者是社会舆论导向的作用。 本文通过分析默顿的科学社会学分层与科学共同体与成功女性科学家之间的关系,对比成功科学家与成功女性科学家的成功因素,找出成功女性科学家的成功范式。深入挖掘阻碍中国女性科学家发展的因素,客观因素与主观因素,发现其与成功女性科学家成功范式的不符之处,进而提出建立适用于中国女性科学家的科学范式。女性不属于任何一个弱势群体,她们占据了世界上一半的人口数量,但她们是否处于弱势并不取决于存在数目的多少,而是男权制度控制下的无奈之举。所以提高女性地位,必须改变制度,也就是一种范式。
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to gender differences, women have become weaker, slower, more hesitant and less confident in conversation under the influence of so-called femininity. At the same time, female characteristics will stifle red tape, constraining women, so that women can not fully exercise their aspirations in the work, can not compete with men. However, with the tide of women's liberation movement in the late 19th century, the imbalance was broken, and women began to demand equality in the whole life course. In the 1960s, the academic research of feminism began to rise, and then the male assistant women were required to get rid of ignorance and oppression and to be equal to each other. In the 21st century, the social trend of feminism began to form a worldwide resultant force, and the feminist system itself was further strengthened. Unfortunately, the review of natural science, an important subject of feminism, did not attract enough attention. Masculinism in the field of natural science still occupies an extremely important position. The emergence of some feminist schools, on the basis of trying to solve this problem, has carried on the corresponding research, and has obtained certain results, but still very limited. Looking back at the Nobel Prize, although male scientists without Chinese nationality won the prize, Chinese male scientists were on the list. At the same time, it can be found that the number of Chinese women who won the Nobel Prize is zero. Is the intelligence quotient and ability of Chinese women not enough? (C.S. Wu, with his keen insight and skillful technique, made experiments, first breaking the "law of conservation of parity", which is regarded as the golden law of physics, and proving that "parity is not conserved under weak interaction"-the famous "Li," Yang hypothesis. This great experiment not only won the Nobel Prize by T.D.Lee and Yang Zhenning, but also shocked the whole physics world and the scientific community. Unfortunately, C.S. Wu failed to win the prize together. Or did most talented women give up the possibility of scientific research projects, subjective or objective reasons, national social customs, educational system, "Matthew effect"; It is the lack of self-innovation ability; the suppression of interest; the low acceptance of female students in schools or mentors; the family factors; or the negation of their own potential; or the role of public opinion guidance. By analyzing the relationship between Merton's stratification of sociology of science and scientific community and successful female scientists, this paper compares the successful factors between successful scientists and successful female scientists, and finds out the successful paradigm of successful female scientists. This paper explores the factors that hinder the development of Chinese female scientists, objective factors and subjective factors, and finds out the inconsistency between them and the successful paradigm of successful female scientists, and then puts forward a scientific paradigm suitable for Chinese female scientists. Women do not belong to any vulnerable group, they make up half of the world's population, but whether they are disadvantaged or not depends not on the number of existence, but on the helpless actions under the control of the patriarchal system. Therefore, to improve the status of women, we must change the system, that is, a paradigm.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68
本文编号：2369718
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to gender differences, women have become weaker, slower, more hesitant and less confident in conversation under the influence of so-called femininity. At the same time, female characteristics will stifle red tape, constraining women, so that women can not fully exercise their aspirations in the work, can not compete with men. However, with the tide of women's liberation movement in the late 19th century, the imbalance was broken, and women began to demand equality in the whole life course. In the 1960s, the academic research of feminism began to rise, and then the male assistant women were required to get rid of ignorance and oppression and to be equal to each other. In the 21st century, the social trend of feminism began to form a worldwide resultant force, and the feminist system itself was further strengthened. Unfortunately, the review of natural science, an important subject of feminism, did not attract enough attention. Masculinism in the field of natural science still occupies an extremely important position. The emergence of some feminist schools, on the basis of trying to solve this problem, has carried on the corresponding research, and has obtained certain results, but still very limited. Looking back at the Nobel Prize, although male scientists without Chinese nationality won the prize, Chinese male scientists were on the list. At the same time, it can be found that the number of Chinese women who won the Nobel Prize is zero. Is the intelligence quotient and ability of Chinese women not enough? (C.S. Wu, with his keen insight and skillful technique, made experiments, first breaking the "law of conservation of parity", which is regarded as the golden law of physics, and proving that "parity is not conserved under weak interaction"-the famous "Li," Yang hypothesis. This great experiment not only won the Nobel Prize by T.D.Lee and Yang Zhenning, but also shocked the whole physics world and the scientific community. Unfortunately, C.S. Wu failed to win the prize together. Or did most talented women give up the possibility of scientific research projects, subjective or objective reasons, national social customs, educational system, "Matthew effect"; It is the lack of self-innovation ability; the suppression of interest; the low acceptance of female students in schools or mentors; the family factors; or the negation of their own potential; or the role of public opinion guidance. By analyzing the relationship between Merton's stratification of sociology of science and scientific community and successful female scientists, this paper compares the successful factors between successful scientists and successful female scientists, and finds out the successful paradigm of successful female scientists. This paper explores the factors that hinder the development of Chinese female scientists, objective factors and subjective factors, and finds out the inconsistency between them and the successful paradigm of successful female scientists, and then puts forward a scientific paradigm suitable for Chinese female scientists. Women do not belong to any vulnerable group, they make up half of the world's population, but whether they are disadvantaged or not depends not on the number of existence, but on the helpless actions under the control of the patriarchal system. Therefore, to improve the status of women, we must change the system, that is, a paradigm.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68
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