社会工作在城市高龄老人精神养老中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 18:16

【摘要】：随着经济与社会发展,城市高龄老人的物质生活水平得到了很大程度的提升,但受生活环境、家庭结构及社会观念的影响,城市高龄老人的精神文化生活水平却没有得到相应的改善。全国老龄工作委员会办公室指出,预计到2020年中国将进入重度老龄化时期,60岁以上老年人口将达到2.48亿,其中80岁及以上高龄老人达到3067万人,占老年人口的12.37%。高龄老人与其他年龄段老人相比,身体各项机能更加退化,表现为行动迟缓、语言能力退化等,不仅使得生活照料难度增加,而且加剧了情感交流的困难。现阶段,政府和社会主要关注高龄老人养老问题的硬件方面,如住房设施、生活物资、医疗设施等,对软件方面的精神养老重视不够。这导致高龄老人因精神需求未得到合理满足而产生问题的案例屡见不鲜。如何发挥社会工作在城市高龄老人精神养老中的作用,缓解高龄老人的精神状态,提升精神养老服务质量,满足高龄老人的精神需求,已成为当前亟需解决的问题之一。本文通过调查问卷、访谈等方法,以吉安市青原区城区为例,对城市高龄老人精神养老现状进行了调查与分析,发现老人们精神养老问题,主要集中在人格尊重、成就安心、情感慰藉和社交娱乐4个层面。笔者分析了老人在精神养老中的问题及其产生根源,并在此基础上对城市高龄老人精神养老的需求进行预估。以此为指导,分别选取了6位老人开展了小组工作,同时针对1位老人进行了个案工作。笔者制订了工作计划,运用马斯洛需求理论和优势视角理论,从老人的优势出发,不断鼓励老人,努力帮助老人实现老有所为、老有所乐。本研究发现,城市高龄老人的精神养老状况堪忧,亟待解决。而社会工作的介入,不仅有助于改善城市高龄老人精神养老的现状,还为社会工作的本土化实践提供了理论指导。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the material living standard of the old people in the city has been greatly improved, but it is influenced by the living environment, family structure and social concept. However, the spiritual and cultural living standards of the elderly in the city have not been improved accordingly. China is expected to enter a period of severe aging by 2020, with 248 million people aged over 60, of whom 30.67 million are aged 80 and older, accounting for 12.37 percent of the population, the office of the National working Committee on ageing said. Compared with the old people of other ages, the body functions of the elderly are more degraded, such as slow movement, language ability degradation, which not only makes life care more difficult, but also exacerbates the difficulty of emotional communication. At present, the government and society mainly pay attention to the hardware aspects of the old-age problem of the elderly, such as housing facilities, living materials, medical facilities, etc. This leads to the elderly people's mental needs are not properly satisfied and the case is common. How to play the role of social work in the urban elderly spiritual old-age care, ease the mental state of the elderly, improve the quality of mental old-age services, meet the spiritual needs of the elderly, has become one of the problems that need to be solved. Through questionnaire, interview and other methods, taking Qingyuan District of Ji'an City as an example, this paper investigates and analyzes the present situation of the aged people's mental endowment in the city. It is found that the problems of the elderly's mental old-age support are mainly focused on the respect of personality and the achievement of peace of mind. Emotional comfort and social entertainment four levels. The author analyzes the problems of the elderly in the mental old-age care and their causes, and on this basis, estimates the needs of the elderly in the city. Under this guidance, 6 elderly people were selected to carry out group work and 1 case work was carried out at the same time. The author has drawn up the work plan, using Maslow's demand theory and advantage angle of view theory, from the old person's superiority, unceasingly encourages the old person, diligently helps the old person to realize the sense of security, the old has the pleasure. This study found that the mental state of the elderly in the city is worrisome and urgent to be solved. The intervention of social work not only helps to improve the present situation of the elderly in the city, but also provides theoretical guidance for the localization of social work.
【学位授予单位】：井冈山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C916;C913.6

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