美国男性居民性取向收入差距的变化趋势及成因分解
发布时间：2019-03-18 12:42
【摘要】：收入不平等问题一直以来都是劳动经济学研究的热点话题。此前的大部分研究都集中在性别收入差距和种族收入差距的问题上,很少有研究对性取向收入差距进行分析。然而,事实上性与性别少数群体在权力关系上往往处于相对弱势的地位,因而可能面临更严重的社会歧视。这种歧视也体现在了劳动力市场上针对同性恋人群的收入歧视。研究性取向收入歧视的变化趋势及其相关影响因素对于揭示性少数人群劳动力市场真实工作状况十分必要,具有重要的现实意义。本文以性取向收入差距为考察对象,研究了美国男性居民性取向收入差距的时点特征、变化趋势及其相关影响因素,具体体现在以下几个方面:(1)对关于美国居民性取向收入差距研究的相关文献进行了系统性的归纳和总结;(2)利用描述性统计的方法对美国男性不同性取向的工作者的收入状况及收入差距进行了分析,初步考察了不同时间点上不同的性取向收入差距;(3)利用非条件分位数回归方法,对不同性取向不同时期的收入方程进行了估计,考察了不同的生产力特征因素以及不同的个人特征因素对于不通分位数上收入的贡献程度及变化情况;(4)基于Oaxaca-Blinder均值收入差异分解方法和分位数收入差异分解方法对不同时期的性取向收入差异进行分解分析,在均值和分位数水平上探究收入差距可能与哪些影响因素有关;(5)根据研究的结果提出相应的减少歧视性少数人群的对策和建议。本论文的主要结论有:(1)美国性取向收入差距存在不断缩小的趋势,在2011-2014年,收入差距基本消失,并且男性同性恋的收入略高于男性异性恋的收入;(2)性取向歧视在劳动力市场上依然广泛存在,高收入水平上性取向歧视虽然有减少趋势但依然严重。高收入的男性同性恋群体在劳动力市场上,相较于男性异性恋群体更难得到更多收入回报;(3)男性同性恋工作者普遍较高的教育程度对减少性取向收入差距起到了正向的影响作用。
[Abstract]:Income inequality has always been a hot topic in the study of labor economics. Most of the previous studies focused on the gender income gap and racial income gap, and few studies analyzed the gender-oriented income gap. However, in fact, sex and gender minorities are often in a relatively weak position in the power relationship, so they may face more serious social discrimination. This discrimination is also reflected in the labour market against homosexual income discrimination. The change trend of research-oriented income discrimination and its related influencing factors are very necessary for revealing the real working situation of minority labor market, which is of great practical significance. Taking the sexual orientation income gap as the research object, this paper studies the time-point characteristics, the changing trend and the related influencing factors of the sexual orientation income gap among American male residents. Specifically reflected in the following aspects: (1) the relevant literature on the sexual orientation income gap of American residents is summarized and summarized systematically; (2) A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the income status and income gap of American male workers with different sexual orientation, and the difference of sexual orientation income at different time points was preliminarily investigated. (3) the non-conditional quantile regression method is used to estimate the income equations of different sexual orientation and different periods. The contribution degree and variation of different productivity characteristics and personal characteristics to the income in the unquantile were investigated. (4) based on the Oaxaca-Blinder mean income difference decomposition method and the quantile income difference decomposition method, the sex-oriented income difference in different periods is decomposed and analyzed. At the level of mean and quantile, this paper explores which influencing factors the income gap may be related to; (5) according to the results of the study, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to reduce the discrimination of minority groups. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a decreasing trend of sexual orientation income gap in the United States. In 2011-2014, the income gap basically disappeared, and the income of gay men is slightly higher than that of heterosexual men. (2) sexual orientation discrimination is still widespread in the labor market, and sexual orientation discrimination on high income level has a decreasing trend, but it is still serious. It is more difficult for high-income gay men to get more income returns than heterosexual men in the labour market. (3) the higher education level of male homosexual workers has a positive effect on reducing the income gap of sexual orientation.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.14;F171.2
，
本文编号：2442874
[Abstract]:Income inequality has always been a hot topic in the study of labor economics. Most of the previous studies focused on the gender income gap and racial income gap, and few studies analyzed the gender-oriented income gap. However, in fact, sex and gender minorities are often in a relatively weak position in the power relationship, so they may face more serious social discrimination. This discrimination is also reflected in the labour market against homosexual income discrimination. The change trend of research-oriented income discrimination and its related influencing factors are very necessary for revealing the real working situation of minority labor market, which is of great practical significance. Taking the sexual orientation income gap as the research object, this paper studies the time-point characteristics, the changing trend and the related influencing factors of the sexual orientation income gap among American male residents. Specifically reflected in the following aspects: (1) the relevant literature on the sexual orientation income gap of American residents is summarized and summarized systematically; (2) A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the income status and income gap of American male workers with different sexual orientation, and the difference of sexual orientation income at different time points was preliminarily investigated. (3) the non-conditional quantile regression method is used to estimate the income equations of different sexual orientation and different periods. The contribution degree and variation of different productivity characteristics and personal characteristics to the income in the unquantile were investigated. (4) based on the Oaxaca-Blinder mean income difference decomposition method and the quantile income difference decomposition method, the sex-oriented income difference in different periods is decomposed and analyzed. At the level of mean and quantile, this paper explores which influencing factors the income gap may be related to; (5) according to the results of the study, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to reduce the discrimination of minority groups. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a decreasing trend of sexual orientation income gap in the United States. In 2011-2014, the income gap basically disappeared, and the income of gay men is slightly higher than that of heterosexual men. (2) sexual orientation discrimination is still widespread in the labor market, and sexual orientation discrimination on high income level has a decreasing trend, but it is still serious. It is more difficult for high-income gay men to get more income returns than heterosexual men in the labour market. (3) the higher education level of male homosexual workers has a positive effect on reducing the income gap of sexual orientation.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.14;F171.2
，
本文编号：2442874
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