人的主体性及其困境研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 11:44

【摘要】：摘要：主体性问题由来已久,伴随着人类的小断进步发展,关于人的主体性问题的研究也不断广泛和深入起来。从最早提出“主体”概念的亚里士多德到提出“主体性的黄昏”的后现代主义者,整个西方哲学史对主体性问题的探索从来都没有中断过。国内上世纪关于真理标准问题的讨论和人道主义与异化问题的讨论使人的主体性问题成为研究的热点问题,进入21世纪以来,随着“以人为本”口号的提出,和谐社会的建设更是与人的主体性问题息息相关。本文首先是论述马克思主义对人的主体性的认识。通过马克思主义对旧哲学的扬弃,阐述人的主体性的概念、特点及其原则,进而分析主体在不同历史阶段的主体性表现及特点。其次是论述人的主体性的层次性及内在矛盾性。主体可以分为个人、群体和人类三个层次,不同的层次有不同的主体性表现；人作为矛盾的存在物,人的主体性不可避免也交织着各种矛盾,最为突出的是自发性与自觉性、为我性与我为性、受动性与能动性的矛盾关系。再次是论述当代主体性的困境。人类在实践活动中,创造无数文明成果的同时也面临着巨大的生存危机和发展困境。本文试图从哲学的视角探析困境产生的原因,特别是得到关于如何正确发挥人的主体性的启示。面对后现代主义对主体性的否定,我们在批判其错误观点的同时也应该积极吸收其合理观点,坚信人的主体性的美好未来。最后是论述解决人的主体性困境的思路。交互主体性的提出为我们提供了种全新的思路;另外我们要特别注重主客体中介和非理性因索的重要作用：
[Abstract]:Absrtact: the problem of subjectivity has a long history, and with the development of human beings, the research on human subjectivity is also extensive and in-depth. From Aristotle, who first put forward the concept of "subject" to the postmodernism who put forward "the dusk of subjectivity", the exploration of subjectivity in the history of western philosophy has never been interrupted. The discussion of the standard of truth and the discussion of humanitarianism and alienation in China in the last century have made the problem of human subjectivity become a hot issue in the study. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the introduction of the slogan of "people-oriented", The construction of harmonious society is closely related to the subjectivity of human beings. First of all, this paper discusses the Marxist understanding of human subjectivity. Through the sublation of old philosophy by Marxism, this paper expounds the concept, characteristics and principles of human subjectivity, and then analyzes the subjective expression and characteristics of the subject in different historical stages. Secondly, it discusses the hierarchy and internal contradiction of human subjectivity. The subject can be divided into three levels: individual, group and human, and different levels have different subjective expressions. As the existence of contradiction, the subjectivity of human beings is inevitably intertwined with all kinds of contradictions, the most prominent of which is the contradictory relationship between spontaneity and consciousness, between self-nature and self-nature, between passivity and initiative. Thirdly, it discusses the dilemma of contemporary subjectivity. In practice, human beings are also facing a huge survival crisis and development dilemma while creating countless achievements of civilization. This paper attempts to analyze the causes of the predicament from the perspective of philosophy, especially to get the enlightenment on how to give full play to the subjectivity of human beings. In the face of the negation of subjectivity by postmodernism, we should not only criticize its wrong views, but also actively absorb its reasonable views and firmly believe in the bright future of human subjectivity. Finally, it discusses the ideas to solve the dilemma of human subjectivity. The proposal of interactive subjectivity provides us with a new way of thinking; in addition, we should pay special attention to the important role of subject-object intermediary and irrational cause:
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B038;C912.1

【共引文献】