吴景超社会思想研究

发布时间：2019-06-29 07:38

【摘要】：吴景超是我国近代著名的社会学家,他的学术思想在我国近代社会学界占有举足轻重的地位。作为我国第一代社会学者之一,吴景超曾留美深造,师从芝加哥学派创始人帕克等人,接受了系统的社会学专业训练,他的学术也形成了注重搜集资料和证据的实证主义特征。学成回国的吴景超面对的是剧烈变革、危机四伏的中国社会,如何促使民族复兴及“中国向何处去”的问题困扰着众多学人。正是在这样的时代背景之下,吴景超运用自己丰富的学科知识对当时动荡不安的社会进行了调查研究,发表了很多独到的见解和观点。吴景超是针对当时社会发展进程中产生的各种社会问题而提出解决方案的,目的是为了促使国家更好的发展,提高人民的生活水平。虽然吴景超的社会思想的理论基点是改良主义,但他的确是为了救国于危难之中,救民于水深火热之中。这是值得我们学习的,社会学就应该学以致用,为国家为民族作出应有的贡献。改革开放以来,我国经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,但不可否认,也存在一系列突出的矛盾和问题,发展不够全面,也不够协调,可持续发展能力较弱。如城市化、工业化、新农村建设、教育和人口等各方面都有这样或那样的问题。而吴景超对社会发展的许多方面都进行过深入分析和研究,得出过不少关于这些方面的结论,这些结论有的现在已经被证实。因此,我们有必要对吴景超的社会思想进行研究,吸收其有用部分,以期对现今的社会发展有所启迪。本文通过对吴景超的社会思想的研究,分析了他的社会思想对我国当下的社会建设以及我国的社会学理论发展所具有的意义。本文分引言、正文和结论三部分。引言部分简要介绍了本文选题的目的和意义、相关研究动态、研究思路与方法以及相关概念的界定。正文共分六章：第一章对吴景超社会思想产生的时代背景和他的人生历程以及1949年新中国成立后他的思想的转变进行了介绍,意在为后面详细论述吴景超的具体社会思想做好铺垫。第二章对吴景超在美国求学深造的经历进行了叙述,同时对他的老师——芝加哥学派代表人物帕克进行了介绍。正是这段求学经历让吴景超在以后的研究中形成了注重统计资料和数据以及重视调查的实证主义研究特征。第三章对吴景超的代表作《第四种国家的出路》进行了详细介绍和论述。吴景超根据人口密度和职业两个标准将世界上的国家划分为四种,认为中国属于第四种国家,两个方面都需要改良。并指出出路就在于改进生产方式,节制人口,以工立国。第四章对吴景超关于发展实业以救国以及关于教育的理论进行了梳理和总结。吴景超认为发展都市可以很好地促进乡村的发展。关于教育,吴景超认为不管是都市还是乡村的学校都应当根据当地的经济地理背景举办相应的商业、工业教育。第五章详细介绍了吴景超的都市化社会学和节制人口的思想。吴景超的第一部著作《都市社会学》介绍了西方都市社会学的原理和方法。他认为都市化和工业的发展必然会带来人口膨胀的问题,因此吴景超又提出了中国必须实行节制人口的观点。第六章是对吴景超社会思想的价值和意义进行分析和阐述。首先联系我国当前社会发展和社会学学科发展现状,对其理论意义和实践价值进行概括和总结；其次通过比较,对吴景超社会思想对当代中国社会建设的启示进行阐述。通过比较当时社会发展和我国当下的社会主义现代化建设之间的异同,发现吴景超社会思想中对现今社会发展有益的部分。如其关于以工立国、发展都市以救济农村、节制人口的理论等。结论部分总括全篇,探讨吴景超社会思想产生的历史渊源、特征与贡献以及我们应该加强对包括吴景超在内的近代社会学家的研究。
[Abstract]:Wu Jingchao is a famous sociologist in modern China, and his academic thought plays a very important role in the modern social field in China. As one of the first-generation social scholars in our country, Wu Jingchao, who has been studying in the United States, has accepted the system's sociology professional training from the Chicago School's founder, Parker and others, and has also formed the positivism characteristic of the collection of information and evidence. Wu Jingchao, who has learned to return to his country, is facing a lot of students in the face of the drastic change, the four-volt Chinese society, how to promote the revival of the nation and the "where to go". Under such a background, Wu Jingchao used his rich discipline knowledge to investigate and study the troubled society at that time, and made many unique opinions and opinions. The purpose of Wu Jingchao was to raise the living standard of the people in order to promote the better development of the country and to improve the living standard of the people. Although the theoretical basis of Wu Jingchao's social thought is the reformism, he is indeed to save the country in the midst of the crisis, to save the people from the water. This is worthy of our study, and the sociology should be used to make due contribution to the nation. Since the reform and opening-up, the economic and social development of our country has made remarkable achievements, but it is undeniable that there are a series of outstanding contradictions and problems, the development is not comprehensive, and it is not coordinated, and the sustainable development ability is more Weak, such as urbanization, industrialization, new rural construction, education and population, etc. In many aspects of social development, Wu Jingchao has made an in-depth analysis and study of many aspects of social development, and has drawn a lot of conclusions on these aspects, and these conclusions are now proved Therefore, it is necessary to study Wu Jingchao's social thought and to absorb its useful part, with a view to starting with the present social development In this paper, through the study of Wu Jingchao's social thought, this paper analyzes his social thought to the present social construction of our country and the meaning of the development of the sociology theory in our country I. The introduction, the text and the conclusions of this article The first part briefly introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, the relevant research dynamic, the research thinking and the method, and the correlation. The definition of the concept. The text is divided into six chapters: the first chapter introduces the background of the thought of Wu Jingchao and his life course and the change of his thoughts after the founding of the new China in 1949, and is intended to discuss the tools of Wu Jingchao in detail later. The second chapter describes the experience of Wu Jingchao in the study of American education, and at the same time to his teacher _ Chicago school On behalf of the people, Parker made a presentation. It is the experience that has made Wu Jingchao to pay attention to the statistics and data in a later study and to pay attention to A study of the positivism of the investigation. The third chapter is the representative of Wu Jingchao. The way out> has been introduced and discussed in detail. Wu Jingchao divides the world's country into four categories according to the population density and the occupation two standards, and considers China to belong to the fourth In both countries, there is a need for improvement. It is pointed out that the way out is to improve the life. In the fourth chapter, Wu Jingchao on the development of industry to save the country and The theory of education has been sorted and summarized. The city can well promote the development of the country. With regard to education, Mr. Wu believes that schools in both urban and rural areas should be based on the local economy The related business and industrial education is held in the background. Chapter 5 details the Wu. The Thought of the City Sociology and the Control of the Population in Jingchao. The first book of Wu Jingchao is This paper introduces the principles and methods of western urban sociology. He thinks that the development of urbanization and industry will bring the problem of population expansion, and therefore, Wu Jingchao It also puts forward the view that China must carry out the control of the population. The sixth chapter is to Wu. This paper analyzes and expounds the value and significance of the thought of the view and super-society. First of all, the present situation of the current social development and the development of the social sciences in China is first contacted, and the theoretical and practical values are summarized and summarized. This paper expounds the enlightenment of the thought on the construction of the contemporary Chinese society. By comparing the similarities and differences between the social development and the construction of the current socialist modernization in our country, it is found that Wu The part of the thought of the social development that is beneficial to the development of the present society. The paper discusses the historical origin, characteristics and contribution of the thought of Wu Jingchao's society, and we should
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C91-092

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