异龙湖水环境变迁背景下龙井村村民生计实践研究
发布时间：2019-07-06 13:29
【摘要】：异龙湖是云南省八大高原湖泊之一,异龙湖的水环境使居住于沿岸的村民发展出与之相适应的生计模式,而龙井村特殊的地理条件表现出生计模式对水环境极大的依赖性。 作为一个在异龙湖上往来捕鱼的渔民定居而形成的村落,村民的构成主体主要是渔民,捕鱼是村民们最主要的生计方式,沿湖定居的居住模式使捕鱼技艺传承并沿用至今。除了捕鱼外,村民也利用有限的土地从事农业生产。水环境变迁之前,村民的生活都围绕着异龙湖展开,无论是渔业、农业生产技艺还是居住格局、劳动分工都无法忽视水环境所产生的影响。两次较大的人为活动对水环境所造成的影响使得村民不断调整生计方式以适应水环境的变迁：1971年青鱼湾隧洞的建成使得在村民生计模式中占主体地位的渔业捕捞让位于农业种植；而开始于20世纪80年代的水污染以及政府的治理行为又限制了村民的生计活动,村民面临新的生存危机。 根据本文的研究结果,作为小型社区的龙井村和反映出大规模社会特征的地方政府行为在调整和适应异龙湖水环境的实践中表现出较为明显的差别：龙井村村民在水环境变迁过程中能够较早地认识到变迁的特征并迅速地做出调适。地方政府对改造水环境所产生的后果无法形成充分地认识,而为恢复水环境所采取的措施也表现出了滞后性和片面性。最终在政府的水环境治理实践和村民的调适行为之间产生对立,作为被管理对象的村民只能牺牲自身利益来迎合政府的实践。 本文由七部分组成。第一部分导言,介绍了本选题目前的研究现状,描述了生态环境和生计方式的互动关系。第二部分对龙井村、异龙湖的基本情况进行介绍。第三、第四部分围绕青鱼湾隧洞来写作,以隧洞的建成为时间点。第三部分主要介绍了隧洞建成前龙井村村民对异龙湖水环境的认知情况和与水环境相联系的传统生计方式,第四部分着重介绍青鱼湾隧洞的建成所带来的水环境变迁以及村民对水环境变迁的生计调适。第五部分介绍了水污染问题产生后政府的治理规范与村民的实践和妥协,关注了政府与村民实践行为之间的矛盾和对立。第六部分是结论,包含了作者对大规模社会和小型社区在环境调适问题上的思考。第七部分则是对小型社区与大规模社会在适应实践上的讨论。 通过对龙井村村民生计实践的全面描述,力图展现异龙湖水环境变迁与村民实践之间的互动关系,同时也试图阐述在应对水环境变迁问题时,处于不同群体和不同层级的人群存在着认知上的偏差,由此产生的实践行为也存在着差异甚至对立。一方面,本研究成果不仅为龙井村独有,也适用于受相同水环境影响的其他异龙湖沿湖村落,而具有区域性的普适价值。
[Abstract]:Yilong Lake is one of the eight plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. The water environment of Yilong Lake makes the villagers living along the coast develop a suitable livelihood model, while the special geographical conditions of Longjing Village show that the livelihood model is greatly dependent on the water environment. As a village formed by fishermen living in Yilong Lake, the main body of villagers is fishermen. Fishing is the most important way of livelihood for villagers. The living mode of settling along the lake makes the fishing skills inherit and use up to now. In addition to fishing, villagers also use limited land for agricultural production. Before the change of water environment, the life of villagers revolved around Yilong Lake. Whether it was fishery, agricultural production skills or residential pattern, the division of labor could not ignore the impact of water environment. The influence of two great man-made activities on the water environment makes the villagers constantly adjust their livelihood methods to adapt to the changes of the water environment: the construction of the Qingyu Bay Tunnel in 1971 made the fishery fishing, which was the main part of the villagers' livelihood model, give way to agricultural planting, while the water pollution and government control behavior, which began in the 1980s, restricted the villagers' livelihood activities, and the villagers faced a new survival crisis. According to the results of this paper, Longjing Village, as a small community, and the local government behavior reflecting the large-scale social characteristics show obvious differences in the practice of adjusting and adapting to the water environment of Yilong Lake: the villagers of Longjing Village can recognize the characteristics of the change early and adjust quickly in the process of the change of water environment. The local government can not fully understand the consequences of reforming the water environment, and the measures taken to restore the water environment also show lag and one-sidedness. Finally, there is an opposition between the government's water environment management practice and the villagers' adjustment behavior. As the managed object, the villagers can only sacrifice their own interests to meet the government's practice. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the current research status of this topic and describes the interaction between ecological environment and livelihood. The second part introduces the basic situation of Longjing Village and Yilong Lake. Third, the fourth part focuses on the Qingyu Bay tunnel, with the completion of the tunnel as the time point. The third part mainly introduces the villagers' cognition of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the traditional livelihood mode related to the water environment before the tunnel is completed. The fourth part focuses on the changes of the water environment brought about by the construction of the Qingyuwan Tunnel and the livelihood adjustment of the villagers to the change of the water environment. The fifth part introduces the governance norms of the government and the practice and compromise of the villagers after the emergence of the water pollution problem, and pays attention to the contradiction and opposition between the government and the villagers' practical behavior. The sixth part is the conclusion, which includes the author's thinking on the environmental adaptation of large-scale society and small community. The seventh part is the discussion of the adaptation practice of small community and large-scale society. Through a comprehensive description of the livelihood practice of the villagers in Longjing Village, this paper tries to show the interactive relationship between the change of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the practice of the villagers. At the same time, it also tries to explain that in dealing with the problem of the change of the water environment, there are cognitive biases in different groups and different levels of the population, and the resulting practical behavior is also different or even antagonistic. On the one hand, the results of this study are not only unique to Longjing Village, but also suitable for other Yilong Lake villages affected by the same water environment, and have regional universal value.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912.82
本文编号：2511050
[Abstract]:Yilong Lake is one of the eight plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. The water environment of Yilong Lake makes the villagers living along the coast develop a suitable livelihood model, while the special geographical conditions of Longjing Village show that the livelihood model is greatly dependent on the water environment. As a village formed by fishermen living in Yilong Lake, the main body of villagers is fishermen. Fishing is the most important way of livelihood for villagers. The living mode of settling along the lake makes the fishing skills inherit and use up to now. In addition to fishing, villagers also use limited land for agricultural production. Before the change of water environment, the life of villagers revolved around Yilong Lake. Whether it was fishery, agricultural production skills or residential pattern, the division of labor could not ignore the impact of water environment. The influence of two great man-made activities on the water environment makes the villagers constantly adjust their livelihood methods to adapt to the changes of the water environment: the construction of the Qingyu Bay Tunnel in 1971 made the fishery fishing, which was the main part of the villagers' livelihood model, give way to agricultural planting, while the water pollution and government control behavior, which began in the 1980s, restricted the villagers' livelihood activities, and the villagers faced a new survival crisis. According to the results of this paper, Longjing Village, as a small community, and the local government behavior reflecting the large-scale social characteristics show obvious differences in the practice of adjusting and adapting to the water environment of Yilong Lake: the villagers of Longjing Village can recognize the characteristics of the change early and adjust quickly in the process of the change of water environment. The local government can not fully understand the consequences of reforming the water environment, and the measures taken to restore the water environment also show lag and one-sidedness. Finally, there is an opposition between the government's water environment management practice and the villagers' adjustment behavior. As the managed object, the villagers can only sacrifice their own interests to meet the government's practice. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the current research status of this topic and describes the interaction between ecological environment and livelihood. The second part introduces the basic situation of Longjing Village and Yilong Lake. Third, the fourth part focuses on the Qingyu Bay tunnel, with the completion of the tunnel as the time point. The third part mainly introduces the villagers' cognition of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the traditional livelihood mode related to the water environment before the tunnel is completed. The fourth part focuses on the changes of the water environment brought about by the construction of the Qingyuwan Tunnel and the livelihood adjustment of the villagers to the change of the water environment. The fifth part introduces the governance norms of the government and the practice and compromise of the villagers after the emergence of the water pollution problem, and pays attention to the contradiction and opposition between the government and the villagers' practical behavior. The sixth part is the conclusion, which includes the author's thinking on the environmental adaptation of large-scale society and small community. The seventh part is the discussion of the adaptation practice of small community and large-scale society. Through a comprehensive description of the livelihood practice of the villagers in Longjing Village, this paper tries to show the interactive relationship between the change of the water environment of Yilong Lake and the practice of the villagers. At the same time, it also tries to explain that in dealing with the problem of the change of the water environment, there are cognitive biases in different groups and different levels of the population, and the resulting practical behavior is also different or even antagonistic. On the one hand, the results of this study are not only unique to Longjing Village, but also suitable for other Yilong Lake villages affected by the same water environment, and have regional universal value.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912.82
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