从孔子学院看中美关系

发布时间：2018-01-01 05:28

本文关键词：从孔子学院看中美关系　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中美关系是当今世界最复杂的双边关系之一。在国际政坛,他们不仅是合作伙伴,更是竞争对手,代表着老牌大国与新兴崛起的国家之间的竞争关系。正因为这种微妙关系,使得双方之间缺少相互信任,在更多的情况下,采用的是一种“零和博弈”的思维。孔子学院诞生于2004年,在十年的时间里发展迅速。它以教授汉语和传播中国文化为宗旨,被广泛认为是中国公共外交的一项重要举措,有利于提高中国的软实力。在中美关系的发展过程中,孔子学院发挥着一定的促进作用。目前在美国,共有100家孔子学院和356家孔子课堂。孔子学院普通美国民众,尤其是大学生提供了一个学习汉语的平台。同时孔子学院也举办各种文化活动,向美国人民展示中国博大精深的传统文化。它已经成为向美国民众塑造中国良好大国形象的一个重要工具。在政治领域,它作为一个公共外交的工具,促进了中国与美国民众之间的沟通交流。在经济领域,它在一定程度上带动了中美之间的贸易投资。在文化领域,它促进了两国的学术、人文交流。因此,它在政治、经济、文化等各个领域都对中美关系起到了一定的促进作用。但同时,孔子学院在美国的发展过程中也遇到了一些困难,比如有人担心孔子学院会威胁美国大学的学术自由,2014年芝加哥大学关闭孔子学院的事件就是一个例证。针对孔子学院在美国引起的争议,2014年年底美国国会举行了一次听证会。孔子学院被一些美国学者、政治家认为是中国政府的一项政治宣传活动,他们反对在美国大学开设孔子学院。而一直以来,中国把孔子学院当做一个向世界展示自身正面形象,提高国家软实力的国家品牌来打造。在这个问题上中美双方的冲突反映出他们对于孔子学院的看法出现了明显的分歧。本文首先全面介绍孔子学院的运作模式、师资配备、资金来源等。以中美关系为大背景,系统地分析孔子学院近年来在美国大学内的运营过程中遇到的问题和困难,找出问题背后的原因,寻求解决之道。本文以芝加哥大学关闭孔子学院事件和美国国会关于中国威胁美国学术自由举行听证会为具体事例,展现中美双方对于孔子学院的不同看法和观点。正是因为中美双方对于孔子学院的不同认知造成了如今其面临的问题。运用软实力理论以及前文对于孔子学院性质的阐述,可以深入地分析造成认知差异的原因。同时,通过全面分析孔子学院在促进中美关系发展过程中的作用,来论证其成功之处。使这一项目能够真正起到提升中国的国家软实力的作用,同时为促进中美关系良好健康发展做出一定的贡献。在最后尝试性地提出了一些自己的建议,比如孔子学院应该远离政治,着重突出其文化机构的角色定位,邀请社会的力量共同参与孔子学院的建设,在潜移默化中向美国民众塑造正面大国形象,提高国家软实力。希望能为孔子学院今后的在美国的发展提供一些有益的参考。
[Abstract]:Sino US relationship is one of the world's most complex bilateral relations. In international politics, they are not only partners, more competitors, competition between representing the established powers and emerging countries. Because of the subtle relationship between both sides, the lack of mutual trust, in more cases, adopts a a "zero sum game" thinking. Confucius was born in 2004, the rapid development in the past ten years. It is to teach Chinese language and culture for the purpose of communication China, is widely regarded as an important measure Chinese public diplomacy, is conducive to improve the soft power of Chinese. In the process of development of Sino US relations. Confucius plays a certain role in the United States. At present, there are 100 colleges and 356 Confucius Confucius Confucius college classroom. The ordinary American people, especially provides a platform for learning Chinese College Students At the same time. Confucius also held a variety of cultural activities, showing Chinese broad and profound traditional culture to the American people. It has become an important tool in building a good image of the country Chinese to the American people. In politics, it acts as a tool to promote public diplomacy, between China and America in economic communication. The field, which led to the Sino US trade and investment to a certain extent. In the field of culture, which of the two countries to promote academic, cultural exchanges. Therefore, in its political, economic, cultural and other fields to promote the Sino US relations. But at the same time, the development of Confucius college in the United States also encountered some difficulties, for example, some people worry that Confucius could threaten U.S. academic freedom of University, Confucius College of University of Chicago in 2014 closing event is an example. According to Kong Zixue in the hospital The United States caused controversy at the end of 2014, the U.S. Congress held a hearing. Confucius, by some American scholars, politicians think that is a political campaign China government, they opposed the creation of Confucius college in the United States. While the university has been China to Confucius College as a display their positive image to the world, to improve the country's soft the strength of the national brand to build. On this issue, the two sides of the conflict reflects the obvious differences in their perceptions of Confucius college. This paper firstly introduce the operation mode, the Confucius Institute of teachers, source of funds. The Sino US relations as the background, the operation process of the University in the United States met in system analysis Confucius, in recent years the problems and difficulties, to find out the reasons behind the problem, seek the solution. This paper takes University of Chicago Confucius school events and closed The U.S. Congress on Chinese threat to American academic freedom to hold hearings for specific examples, the two sides to show different opinions and views of Confucius college. It is because the two sides for different cognitive Confucius college has caused the problems now. Using the theory of soft power and above for the character of Confucius college, in-depth analysis of the causes cognitive differences. At the same time, through a comprehensive analysis of the Confucius Institute in promoting the development of Sino US relations, to prove its success. The project can really help to enhance the country's soft power Chinese the role, and make a contribution to promoting the healthy development of Sino US relations is good. At last proposed some suggestions, such as the Confucius institute should stay away from politics, highlighting the role of the cultural institutions, invited social forces Taking part in the construction of Confucius institute together, we will create a positive power image to the American people and improve the national soft power in a subtle way, hoping to provide some useful references for the future development of Confucius Institute in the US.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G125;D822.371.2

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