论冷战后美国对南非共和国援助政策的调整

发布时间：2018-01-04 19:36

本文关键词：论冷战后美国对南非共和国援助政策的调整　出处：《新疆大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对外援助（foreign aid，foreign assistance简称外援）是当代国际关系中一个重要而又复杂的课题，二战以后美国出于对外战略的诉求、经济安全的考虑以及人道主义的需要等因素一直向南非共和国1提供援助。冷战之后，美国对南非的援助额并没有随着冷战的结束而有所减少。乔治·H·W·布什执政时期以非官方为向导，克林顿政府转向官方发展，911之后的乔治·W·布什和奥巴马政府分别凸显艾滋救援和儿童生存与疾病援助，奥巴马执政后试图使美国与南非援助关系转型，实现美国与南非共和国战略伙伴关系。其实，从冷战后美国对南非援助政策的整体脉络来看，美国对南非援助政策调整的基点始终围绕着南非的社会经济，在为美国谋取经济利益的同时，以期对南非以经济促民主政治，但在此过程中对南非经济带来的并不全是积极影响。简言之，美国对南非的援助政策调整并不完全是基于南非本身的需求，而更多的是基于美国自身的因素，基于此，政策调整的局限性便成为题中之义。这促使我们反思美国外援政策调整的动因与实质。本文运用科学的研究方法、以现实主义的视角对冷战后美国对南非援助政策的调整、调整的动因与以及影响作了深层次的剖析，以试图揭示这一现象的本质——美国的外援就是其内外政策的延续，是对外交、军事和经济政策的补充，美国是其外援政策调整的最大受益者，美国外援政策的调整是与美国国家需求相一致的，冷战后美国对南非的援助从一开始就被用于经济与战略目的，带有浓厚的功利主义色彩。当然，这也从根本上解释了许多人对美国外援政策持争议之态的原因，以及美国对南非援助半个多世纪但援助影响却屡遭诟病的根源。不可否认的是，，外援作为外交领域的“软工具”，的确成为援助国影响和控制受援国，使受援国“主动”为援助国的发展做贡献的有效工具，但在一定程度上也为受援国带来了相对收益。因此，外援虽不能从根本上解决受援国的发展问题，但在今后相当长的时期内，还会继续存在并发挥影响。
[Abstract]:Foreign aid (assistance) is an important and complex topic in contemporary international relations. After World War II, the United States has been providing assistance to the Republic of South Africa for reasons of foreign strategy, economic security and humanitarian needs. U.S. aid to South Africa did not diminish with the end of the Cold War. The Clinton administration turned to official development under the unofficial guidance of George H. W. Bush's administration. After 9 / 11, George W. Bush and the Obama administration highlighted AIDS relief and child survival and disease assistance, respectively, and after Obama took office he tried to transform the aid relationship between the United States and South Africa. To realize the strategic partnership between the United States and the Republic of South Africa. In fact, from the overall context of the United States' aid policy to South Africa after the Cold War, the basis of the adjustment of the United States' aid policy to South Africa has always revolved around the social economy of South Africa. While seeking economic benefits for the United States, it is expected to promote democracy in South Africa, but in the process it has not all had a positive impact on the South African economy. The adjustment of US aid policy to South Africa is not solely based on the needs of South Africa itself, but more on the United States own factors, based on this. The limitation of policy adjustment becomes the meaning of the topic, which urges us to reflect on the motivation and essence of American foreign aid policy adjustment. Using scientific research methods, this paper makes a deep analysis of the adjustment, motivation and influence of American aid policy to South Africa after the Cold War from the perspective of realism. In order to reveal the essence of this phenomenon, the foreign aid of the United States is the continuation of its internal and external policy, is the complement to the foreign, military and economic policies, and the United States is the biggest beneficiary of the adjustment of its foreign aid policy. The adjustment of American foreign aid policy is consistent with American national demand. After the Cold War, American aid to South Africa was used for economic and strategic purposes from the beginning, with a strong utilitarian color. Of course, this also fundamentally explains the reason why many people hold controversy about the foreign aid policy of the United States, as well as the root cause of US aid to South Africa for more than half a century, but the aid impact has been repeatedly criticized. There is no denying that. Foreign aid, as a "soft tool" in the diplomatic field, has indeed become an effective tool for donor countries to influence and control recipient countries and enable recipient countries to "take the initiative" to contribute to the development of donor countries. However, to some extent, it also brings relative benefits to the recipient countries. Therefore, although foreign aid can not fundamentally solve the development problems of the recipient countries, it will continue to exist and exert its influence for a long time to come.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2;D847

【参考文献】