美国对法国戴高乐政府的政策研究（1958-1969）

发布时间：2018-01-16 04:23

本文关键词：美国对法国戴高乐政府的政策研究（1958-1969）　出处：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1958年,戴高乐重新执政并建立了法兰西第五共和国,这成为战后法国对外政策的重大转折点。戴高乐开始改变法兰西第四共和国依赖美国的大西洋主义政策,追求法国的“独立”与“伟大”,并在大西洋联盟内部挑战美国的霸权地位。作为西方世界的两个重要大国,美法两国双边关系的发展也影响着大西洋联盟的团结与稳定。本文主要考察美国政府如何应对戴高乐的挑战以及维持大西洋联盟的稳定。戴高乐主要是从以下几个方面发起对美国霸主地位的挑战：建设由法国领导并脱离美国控制的“欧洲人的欧洲”,反对“多边核力量”计划,坚持发展独立核力量以及退出北约军事一体化组织。戴高乐的行动冲击了美国在大西洋联盟内的领导地位并损害了大西洋联盟的团结,美国政府则采取了软硬兼施的措施来应对法国的挑战并维护大西洋联盟的稳定。艾森豪威尔政府拒绝戴高乐要求分享大西洋联盟领导权的要求。肯尼迪政府希望将统一的欧洲纳入美国主导的大西洋共同体,还主张发展“多边核力量”以实现对大西洋联盟内核力量的管理与控制。约翰逊政府采取克制、温和的态度应对1966年的北约危机,维持了大西洋联盟的团结并借此机会改组北约。本文的结论是美国较为成功地应对了戴高乐的挑战,美法两国之间的争斗也被控制在一定的限度内。究其原因,最根本的是两国实力差距悬殊,法国追求的目标超出了其所拥有的物质力量。第二,美国通过寻求与其他盟国的多边合作应对戴高乐的挑战,削弱其不利影响。第三,法国的对美挑战政策是留有余地的,既反对其霸权,又维持与其同盟关系。同时美国应对大西洋联盟内部矛盾与分歧的方式与同时期苏联的应对方式形成了鲜明对比,并导致不同的结果,这对我们今后正确处理与其他国家的合作关系提供了一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In 1958 de Gaulle returned to power and established the 5th Republic of France. This became a major turning point in French foreign policy after the war. De Gaulle began to change the 4th Republic of France, which relied on the Atlantic policy of the United States, and pursued France's "independence" and "greatness". And challenge the hegemony of the United States within the Atlantic Alliance. As two important powers in the Western world. The development of bilateral relations between the United States and France also affects the unity and stability of the Atlantic Alliance. This paper mainly examines how the United States government responds to the challenges posed by Charles de Gaulle and maintains the stability of the Atlantic Alliance. To challenge America's supremacy. Build a "European Europe" led by France and separated from American control. Oppose the "multilateral nuclear force" program. The insistence on the development of independent nuclear forces and withdrawal from NATO's military integration organization, Charles de Gaulle, has undermined America's leadership in the Atlantic Alliance and undermined its unity. The United states government has taken both soft and hard measures to meet France's challenges and maintain the stability of the Atlantic alliance. The Eisenhower administration has rejected de Gaulle's request to share the leadership of the Atlantic alliance. The Kennedy administration hopes. The integration of a unified Europe into the American-led Atlantic Community. The Johnson administration also advocated the development of "multilateral nuclear forces" to achieve the management and control of the Atlantic Alliance's core forces. The Johnson administration took a restrained and moderate attitude in response to the NATO crisis in 1966. It maintains the unity of the Atlantic Alliance and takes this opportunity to reorganize NATO. The conclusion of this paper is that the United States has met the challenge of Charles de Gaulle more successfully, and the struggle between the United States and France has been kept within a certain limit. Most fundamentally, the gap in power between the two countries is wide. France is pursuing goals beyond its material power. Second, the United States is seeking multilateral cooperation with other allies to meet the de Gaulle challenge. Third, France's policy of challenging the United States has left room for it to oppose its hegemony. At the same time, the way the United States dealt with the contradictions and differences within the Atlantic Alliance was in sharp contrast with that of the Soviet Union in the same period, and led to different results. This has provided certain reference for us to deal with the cooperation relations with other countries correctly in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D871.2

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