“第二次台海危机”对中苏关系的影响

发布时间：2018-01-16 07:18

本文关键词：“第二次台海危机”对中苏关系的影响　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1958年中国政府炮击金门，导致台海局势再度紧张，最终引发了“第二次台湾海峡危机”。危机爆发后，引起了世界各国的高度关注，尤其是美国和苏联的介入，使紧张局势不断升级。同时这也使中苏双方原本就存的矛盾与分歧在此次危机中逐渐凸显出来，并且最终成为影响中苏关系发展的重要因素。可以说此次军事行动是造成中苏关系恶化的直接导火索。本文就以“第二次台海危机”为背景，分析了在此危机影响下的中苏关系发展情况。本文总共分为三大部分。在第一部分中，详细分析了引发“第二次台湾海峡危机”的原因。首先是美国，为了遏制苏联为首的共产主义的发展，美国继续实行“扶蒋反共”的方针，牵制中国。蒋介石凭借美国支持，继续推行“反攻大陆”政策，并不断对中国的沿海进行骚扰。中共为了打击蒋介石的反共政策，戳穿美国制造“两个中国”的阴谋，维护国家统一与安定，决定采取军事行动，给以教训。再次是苏联。就在赫鲁晓夫上台之后，苏联在对待美国的政策上发生变化，开启了所谓的“和平外交”，主张缓和与美国的关系，在和平条件下与美国展开竞争，即“和平竞赛”。与此同时，苏联也加大对社会主义国家的监管与控制，这不仅造成中苏双方在对待外交以及国际社会主义运动方面的严重分歧，更使得中国开始有意的脱离苏联的控制，独立自主的制定国家政策，包括此次的军事行动，都是摆脱苏联的干预，提升中国在国际共产运动中的地位的重要表现。第二和第三部分则是本文的重点，尤其是第三部分，是本文的核心。在危机爆发后苏联出于友好盟友的关系，不得不在舆论和行动上给中国以支持，但在实际中，苏联对于中国的军事行动充满了不满与排斥，因为它不仅打乱了苏联的对外政策，更是把苏联推向核战的边缘。因此，在危机中，苏联与中国的矛盾分歧越来越大，造成两党还有领导人之间严重的分歧与不信任，中苏关系貌似神离。危机结束后，中苏双方在此次危机中暴露出的分歧与矛盾日益公开化和扩大化，，这为双边关系的正常发展埋下重大阴影。另一方面也因为此次危机双方在台海地区以及核武器的合作上出现严重分歧，最终苏联终止了对中国有关核技术的援助，不久之后又单边撕毁中苏合作条约，最终中苏同盟关系破裂。由此，1958年中共炮击金门引发的台海危机成为影响中苏关系发展的重大因素，是中苏关系破裂的导火索。
[Abstract]:In 1958, the Chinese government bombarded Kinmen, leading to renewed tension in the Taiwan Strait, which eventually triggered the "second Taiwan Strait crisis." after the crisis broke out, it aroused great concern from all countries around the world. In particular, the intervention of the United States and the Soviet Union has escalated the tension. At the same time, it has also made the contradictions and differences that already exist between China and the Soviet Union have gradually become apparent in this crisis. And finally become an important factor affecting the development of Sino-Soviet relations. It can be said that this military action is a direct trigger for the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations. This article takes "the second Taiwan Strait crisis" as the background. This paper analyzes the development of Sino-Soviet relations under the influence of the crisis. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the causes of the "second Taiwan Strait crisis" are analyzed in detail. First, the United States, in order to contain the Soviet Union-led communist development. The United States continued to implement the policy of "supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing the Communist Party" to contain China. Jiang Jieshi, with the support of the United States, continued to pursue the policy of "counter-attacking the mainland". The CPC decided to take military action in order to crack down on Jiang Jieshi's anti-Communist policy, debunk the conspiracy of the United States to create "two Chinas," and safeguard national unity and stability. After Khrushchev came to power, the Soviet Union changed its policy towards the United States, opened the so-called "peaceful diplomacy," and advocated relaxation of relations with the United States. At the same time, the Soviet Union also increased the supervision and control of socialist countries. This not only caused serious differences between China and the Soviet Union in the treatment of diplomacy and the international socialist movement, but also made China begin to deliberately break away from the Soviet Union's control and independently formulate national policies. The military campaign, including this one, was an important sign of getting rid of Soviet intervention and elevating China's position in the international communist movement. The second and third parts are the focus of this paper, especially the third part, which is the core of this paper. After the crisis broke out, the Soviet Union had to support China in public opinion and action out of the friendly alliance. In practice, however, the Soviet Union was full of dissatisfaction and rejection of China's military action, because it not only disrupted the Soviet Union's foreign policy, but also pushed the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war. The growing contradictions between the Soviet Union and China have led to serious disagreement and distrust between the two parties and leaders. Sino-Soviet relations seem to be leaving. After the crisis ended. The differences and contradictions exposed in the crisis between China and the Soviet Union have become increasingly open and expanded. This has cast a major shadow on the normal development of bilateral relations. On the other hand, there have been serious differences between the two sides on the Taiwan Strait region and on cooperation on nuclear weapons in this crisis. In the end, the Soviet Union ended its assistance to China on nuclear technology, and soon afterwards unilaterally tore up the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Cooperation, finally breaking down the Sino-Soviet alliance. In 1958, the Taiwan Strait crisis caused by the Chinese Communist shelling of Kinmen became a major factor affecting the development of Sino-Soviet relations and a trigger for the rupture of Sino-Soviet relations.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D822.3;K27

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