金砖国家比较视野下的当代俄罗斯国家形象研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 06:30

本文关键词： 俄罗斯金砖国家比较国家形象　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家形象是一个国家或地区综合实力的反映,也是衡量一国软实力极其重要的指标。依托信息技术的迅猛发展,借助国际化的评价工具,运用量化的指标对一国国家形象进行定量分析和比较成为国家形象研究最热门的方法,为研究国家形象提供全新的视角。本文综合运用定性分析和定量分析两种方法,以金砖国家为主要参考系,对当代俄罗斯的国家形象进行深入探究。在政治形象方面,俄罗斯形象在金砖国家中排名垫底。俄罗斯在人权保护、军事安全等各个方面获得的评价非常低,其在政治方面不能带来信任,通常引起其它国家的不安。俄罗斯从偏安一隅的基辅公国,通过血腥的武装侵略等强力方式,成为横跨欧亚大陆的大国,特别是俄罗斯沙皇时期、苏联时期的强权和侵略。而当代政府强硬的内外政策,如在乌克兰问题上的强硬,使得俄罗斯在历史上和现实上都给他国人民留下深刻的恐惧印记。在经济形象方面,一方面,俄罗斯作为能源大国屹立于世界强国之林,依靠能源俄罗斯经济快速发展强大起来,但其把能源作为“武器”的能源政策常受西方各国诟病。另一方面,俄罗斯缺少民族性的知名商业品牌,且知名品牌基本属于垄断性企业,而这些企业经常与贪污等负面新闻联系在一起。与政治和文化形象相比,俄罗斯的经济形象并不突出。在文化形象方面,俄罗斯的形象非常正面。俄罗斯的艺术、戏剧、建筑、科技、教育、文学等方面在世界上享有巨大的声誉,在文化的各个领域拥有众多享誉海内外的大师,足以傲视世界。依托深厚的文化底蕴和众多杰出人士,俄罗斯在金砖国家乃至世界各国中表现异常显眼,良好的文化形象与其政治形象形成了强烈的反差。政治形象在一国国家形象中起关键作用,俄罗斯整体形象相对负面。俄罗斯注意到了国家形象在国际交往等方面的巨大作用,开始采取措施建设正面的国家形象。俄罗斯设立了不同层次的负责推广俄罗斯国家形象的机构,综合利用大众传媒、公共外交和文化推广三方面塑造积极正面的俄罗斯国家形象。但是,由于各种原因,俄罗斯正面国家形象的建设收效不大。总体而言,各国国民对俄罗斯的消极评价多于积极评价。俄罗斯历史是造成消极形象的主要原因,当代俄罗斯强硬的国内外政策、国家对国家形象建设的投入不足、公民对国家形象建设的消极等是次要原因。俄罗斯已经意识到了国家形象的问题,并采取措施加强正面国家形象的建设,但离建立成积极正面的国家形象依然有很长的道路。
[Abstract]:National image is the reflection of a country's or a region's comprehensive strength, it is also an extremely important index to measure a country's soft power. Relying on the rapid development of information technology, the evaluation tool of internationalization is used. Quantitative analysis and comparison of a country's national image with quantitative indicators has become the most popular method in the study of national image. In order to provide a new perspective for the study of national image, this paper comprehensively uses qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, taking the BRICS as the main reference system, to explore the national image of contemporary Russia in depth. In terms of political image, Russia ranks the bottom among the BRICS countries. Russia has received very low ratings on human rights protection, military security and so on, and it cannot bring trust in politics. Often causing unease in other countries, Russia became a great power across Eurasia, especially during the czarist period of Russia, from the partial principality of Kiev to brute force, such as bloody armed aggression. Soviet power and aggression. And the tough internal and external policies of contemporary governments, such as on Ukraine, have left a deep mark of fear on the peoples of other countries, both historically and realistically. In terms of economic image, on the one hand, Russia, as a large energy country, stands tall in the forest of the world power, and relies on energy to develop Russia's economy rapidly. On the other hand, Russia lacks the well-known commercial brand of nationality, and the well-known brand basically belongs to the monopoly enterprise. These companies are often associated with negative news such as corruption. Russia's economic image does not stand out compared with political and cultural images. In terms of cultural image, Russia's image is very positive. Russia's art, drama, architecture, science and technology, education, literature and other aspects of the world enjoy a great reputation. There are many famous masters at home and abroad in all fields of culture, enough to be proud of the world. Relying on the profound cultural heritage and many outstanding people, Russia in the BRICS countries and even the rest of the world performance is very conspicuous. Good cultural image and its political image formed a strong contrast. The political image plays a key role in the national image of a country, and the overall image of Russia is relatively negative. Russia has paid attention to the great role of the national image in international communication. Start to take measures to build a positive national image. Russia has set up different levels of agencies responsible for promoting the image of the Russian state, comprehensive use of mass media. The three aspects of public diplomacy and cultural promotion are to create positive and positive Russian national image, but for various reasons, the construction of Russian positive national image has little effect. In general, Russian history is the main cause of the negative image, and contemporary Russia has strong domestic and foreign policies. The second reason is that the national image is not invested enough and citizens are negative to the national image construction. Russia has realized the problem of national image and taken measures to strengthen the construction of positive national image. But there is still a long way to go to build a positive national image.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D851.2

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