新中国科技发展与对外关系互动演进探究

发布时间：2018-02-06 07:19

本文关键词： 新中国科技发展对外关系互动演进　出处：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科学技术是第一生产力。随着第三次科技革命的兴起,科技在国家发展中的作用日趋重要,成为衡量国家综合实力、国际地位的重要指标。国家间以科技为核心的综合国力的竞争也愈演愈烈,一个科技实力匮乏的国家很难在国际舞台上有所作为,科技对国家对外交往产生了广泛而深刻的影响。自建国以来,我国在科技和外交领域都取得了令人瞩目的成就,科技发展与对外关系相辅相成、共同促进,推动了实现我国国家利益最大化。然而,面对激烈的国际竞争,如何总结历史经验,探寻科技发展与对外关系在互动演进过程中呈现出的规律性、展现出的共同性,从而协调二者的发展,更好地服务于国家建设,值得我们高度关注。为此,本文立足于对新中国科技发展与对外关系互动演进的探究,这无疑具有重要的理论意义和现实指导价值。本文共分为六个部分。第一部分首先在一般意义上对科技发展与对外关系的辩证关系进行了系统分析,归纳出二者互动的规律：发展目标具有统一性,发展过程具有相互依托性。第二部分梳理了20世纪50年代我国科技恢复期与“一边倒”外交战略时期,科技发展与对外关系的互动演进,并指出在这一阶段,二者的发展重心统一于维护国家安全利益,同时,“一边倒”的外交战略打破了国际上对我国的科技封锁,而科技实力的提升有利于维护独立自主的对外交往。第三部分阐述了20世纪60、70年代科技发展与对外关系的互动演进,重点锻造军事“杀手锏”技术与“一大片”外交战略的实施相辅相成。该阶段外交战略与科技发展重心的转变都是为了应对当时中国面临的危机,维护国家的安全利益。与此同时,外交战略的转变牵引了科技发展重心的转移,而一系列军事科技成果的取得是实现外交战略转变的实力保证。第四部分介绍了20世纪80、90年代科技发展与对外关系的互动演进。科教兴国方针的实施与韬光养晦、有所作为外交战略的开展互为依托,二者的协调发展共同服务于国家经济建设这一工作重心。第五部分论述了21世纪以来创新型国家建设与和平发展道路外交战略的互动演进。在这一阶段,科技发展与对外关系的目标统一于实现国家创新型发展,同时,和平发展的外交战略消弭了国际社会对中国崛起的担忧,为开展国家间科技合作、发展我国科技事业扫除了障碍；对外关系的发展则对科技提出了更高的技术支持要求。第六部分为进一步协调科技发展与对外关系的互动演进,推动我国国家建设的大发展提出了有益的政策建言：协调一致的外交、科技发展战略推动实现国家利益最大化；科技发展与对外关系必须秉承独立自主、自力更生的原则；重视科技与外交相结合,发挥科技外交的重要作用；统筹利用对外关系,成为解决国家间科技争端的重要手段。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is the first productive force. With the rise of the third revolution in science and technology, the role of science and technology in the development of the country is becoming increasingly important, as a measure of the comprehensive strength of the country. The competition of comprehensive national strength with science and technology as the core is becoming more and more intense, and it is very difficult for a country with a lack of scientific and technological strength to make a difference in the international arena. Science and technology have a wide and profound impact on the country's external contacts. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has made remarkable achievements in the field of science and technology and diplomacy. The development of science and technology and foreign relations complement each other, promote together, and promote the realization of the maximization of our national interests. In the face of fierce international competition, how to sum up the historical experience, explore the development of science and technology and foreign relations in the interactive evolution of the process of law, show the commonality, so as to coordinate the development of the two. Therefore, this paper is based on the exploration of the interactive evolution between the development of science and technology and foreign relations in New China, which undoubtedly has important theoretical significance and practical guiding value. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part analyzes the dialectical relationship between the development of science and technology and the external relations in a general sense, and concludes the law of interaction between the two. The development goal has the unity, the development process has the mutual dependence. The second part combs the interactive evolution of science and technology development and foreign relations during the period of science and technology recovery in 1950s and "one-sided" diplomatic strategy, and points out that in this stage. At the same time, the "one-sided" diplomatic strategy has broken the international scientific and technological blockade against China. The promotion of scientific and technological strength is conducive to maintaining independent and independent foreign exchanges. The third part expounds the interactive evolution of science and technology development and foreign relations in the 1960s and 1970s. The key forging of military "killer mace" technology and the implementation of "a large scale" diplomatic strategy complement each other. The transformation of the diplomatic strategy and the center of gravity of scientific and technological development at this stage is aimed at coping with the crisis facing China at that time. At the same time, the shift of diplomatic strategy leads to the transfer of the center of gravity of science and technology development, and the achievement of a series of military scientific and technological achievements is the strength guarantee to realize the transformation of diplomatic strategy. The 4th part introduces the interactive evolution of the development of science and technology and foreign relations in the 1980s and 1990s in 20th century. The implementation of the policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and keeping its strength behind each other, and the development of its diplomatic strategy depend on each other. The coordinated development of both serves the focus of the work of national economic construction. The 5th part discusses the interactive evolution of the diplomatic strategy of the road of innovative country construction and peaceful development since 21th century. In this stage, the goal of scientific and technological development and foreign relations is unified to realize the innovative development of the country. At the same time, the diplomatic strategy of peaceful development has eliminated the international community's concern about China's rise, and cleared away the obstacles for the development of scientific and technological cooperation between countries and the development of our country's scientific and technological undertakings. The development of foreign relations put forward higher technical support requirements to science and technology. The 6th part puts forward some useful policy advice for further coordinating the development of science and technology and the mutual evolution of foreign relations and promoting the great development of China's national construction: coordinated diplomacy. The development strategy of science and technology promotes the maximization of national interests; The development of science and technology and foreign relations must adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance; Attach importance to the combination of science and technology and diplomacy, give play to the important role of science and technology diplomacy; Overall utilization of foreign relations has become an important means of resolving scientific and technological disputes between countries.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G322;D820

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