煽动恐怖主义与言论自由的界限

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:53

本文选题：煽动恐怖主义　切入点：表达自由　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,国际、国内反恐形势严峻,煽动恐怖主义已经成为恐怖活动发生的诱因,有必要纳入刑法规制范围,《邢法修正案(九)》中新增了煽动恐怖主义犯罪的相关规定,为预防、打击恐怖主义提供了新的工具。煽动恐怖主义是一种表达行为,却是对表达自由的滥用,不属于表达自由的合法权利范围之内,对煽动恐怖主义行为的打击涉及表达自由的界限问题。表达自由作为公民的宪法权利,享受高程度的自由,表达自由与煽动恐怖主义的边界有时并不清晰。对煽动恐怖主义行为应予以严厉打击,目的是维护安定、有序的社会秩序,保护国家安全及个人利益,而表达自由对追求真理、促进社会民主和公民的自我实现同样具有重要意义。两种重要法益的博弈意味着需要在有效预防恐怖主义的同时保障公民的表达自由权,因此,在划定表达自由之界限时需坚持法益平衡原则,将这一原则贯穿在个案审查中。要确定煽动恐怖主义犯罪的入罪门槛,要从煽动恐怖主义行为的内涵入手,煽动恐怖主义根据其行为方式,可以分为直接煽动和间接煽动两种,言语、书面、音视频、绘画、符号、动作等,都可能成为煽动恐怖主义的形式。煽动恐怖主义行为之所以有用刑法进行规制的必要,原因在于行为制造了法律所不能容忍的风险,因此,煽动恐怖主义罪是危险犯,能否入罪取决于对行为人主观恶性和行为社会危险性大小的衡量。这一过程最终体现在个案审查之中,在人身危害性方面,重点考察行为人是否具备主观目的和主观故意;社会危害性方面,主要从公开性、言论附加、语境、表达内容四个方面展开分析,探究以上因素对社会危害性大小的影响,为入罪门槛提供更明确的标准。中国反恐工作起步较晚,反恐法制建设还不成熟,而以美国、英国等为代表的西方国家反恐经验相对充足,反恐立法更加完善,它们的经验和教训值得我国学习借鉴,同时应该认识到我国国情的特殊性,在学习西方经验的同时注重与本土环境的融合。最后,结合我国国情和立法现状,为进一步打击煽动恐怖主义犯罪提出建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the international and domestic anti-terrorism situation is grim. Incitement to terrorism has become an inducement for terrorist activities, and it is necessary to bring it into the scope of criminal law regulation. In the amendment of Xing Law (9), the relevant provisions on the crime of inciting terrorism have been added. Providing new tools for preventing and combating terrorism... incitement to terrorism is an act of expression, but an abuse of freedom of expression and does not fall within the scope of the legitimate right to freedom of expression, The fight against incitement to terrorism involves the question of the limits of freedom of expression... freedom of expression, as a constitutional right of citizens, enjoys a high degree of freedom, The boundaries between freedom of expression and incitement to terrorism are sometimes unclear. Incitement to terrorism should be severely combated with a view to maintaining stability and an orderly social order, protecting national security and personal interests, and freedom of expression in the pursuit of truth, The promotion of social democracy and the self-realization of citizens are equally important. The game of two important legal interests implies the need to guarantee citizens' right to freedom of expression while effectively preventing terrorism. When delimiting the limits of freedom of expression, we should adhere to the principle of balance of legal interests, which runs through the examination of individual cases. In order to determine the threshold for the criminalization of incitement to terrorism, we must start with the connotation of incitement to terrorism. Incitement to terrorism can be divided into direct incitement and indirect incitement according to its mode of conduct, speech, writing, audio and video, painting, symbols, actions, etc. Incitement to terrorism may become a form of incitement to terrorism. Incitement to terrorism is necessary to be regulated by criminal law because it creates a risk that cannot be tolerated by law and, therefore, incitement to terrorism is a dangerous crime, Whether or not to incriminate depends on the measure of the subjective malignancy and the social risk of the behavior. This process is finally reflected in the case review. In the aspect of personal harmfulness, the author focuses on whether the perpetrator has subjective purpose and subjective intention; In terms of social harmfulness, mainly from the aspects of openness, speech addition, context, and the content of expression, the paper analyzes the influence of the above factors on the social harmfulness. To provide a clearer standard for the threshold of incrimination. China's counter-terrorism work started relatively late, and the legal construction of counter-terrorism is not yet mature. However, Western countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have relatively ample counter-terrorism experience and more perfect anti-terrorism legislation. Their experiences and lessons are worth learning from. At the same time, we should recognize the particularity of our country's national conditions and pay attention to the integration with the local environment while learning from the western experience. Make recommendations for further combating the crime of incitement to terrorism.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.5

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