中国公共外交的构建：从“文化传播”到多元拓展

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:33

本文选题：公共外交　切入点：中国公共外交　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在全球化以及公民社会日益发展成熟的背景下,公共外交作为一种区别于传统政府外交的新型外交形式,日益得到各国政府的重视。各国希望通过公共外交达到改善本国形象,影响他国舆论,获得国际话语权,维护国家利益的目的。伴随中国崛起,我国面临众多国际舆论压力。对此,公共外交成为我国在新形势下一种新的外交手段,如何构建完善的公共外交体系以发挥公共外交的作用也成为目前我国公共外交研究的重要任务。本文认为公共外交在实现与国外公众交流沟通的同时,也应当包括对国内公众进行有关外交政策方面的宣传推广和解释,这是公共外交得以顺利开展的重要前提保证。公共外交的内涵包括公共外交的主体(本国政府或由本国政府主导、授权或委托的非政府组织、社会团体及个人)、公共外交的客体(外国公众)、公共外交的形式(政府公关、媒体传播信息及教育文化交流)、公共外交的目标(国家形象的维护、国际话语权的获得及国家利益的维护)四个要素。公共外交的兴起背景则包括“公民社会的发展”以及“全球化、信息技术发展带来的挑战”。具体到我国公共外交发展所面临的特殊状况,主要涉及到中国在冷战结束之后所面临的一系列负面舆论及不佳的国际形象。而根据不同阶段公共外交背景、具体任务、侧重点的不同,我国公共外交的进程分为新中国成立至文革结束、改革开放至九十年代初、冷战结束至今三个阶段。从我国公共外交的发展进程来看,我国公共外交呈现出“文化传播”的“一元”特征与偏好。此外,由于我国在开展公共外交方面经验、专业人才的欠缺,受之前外交理念的影响以及政府机构设置等问题,导致目前我国公共外交存在以下不足：战略思想上对外交的重视程度不足；政策制定中凸显外交体制不协调而造成无法全面整合公共外交资源；实际操作中方式方法不到位。这些问题制约了我国公共外交体系的构建及其作用发挥。面对我国公共外交存在的问题,本文提出相应建议以构建多元的公共外交体系。首先,要从公共外交体制着手,建立并协调公共外交体制,保证公共外交的高效实施；其次,要整合“多元”的支援力量,发挥民间非政府组织、社会团体、企业、个人在公共外交中的作用；再次,在公共外交的实践过程中,要拓展“多元”的方式方法并不断创新；最后,要注重公共外交得以顺利实施的前提保障,包括加强国内建设以及人才和资金的保证。总之,只有建立“多元”的、完善的公共外交体系,才能真正发挥我国公共外交的应有作用。
[Abstract]:In the context of globalization and the growing development and maturity of civil society, public diplomacy, as a new form of diplomacy different from traditional government diplomacy, has been paid more and more attention by governments. To influence public opinion in other countries, to gain the right to speak internationally, and to safeguard the national interests. With the rise of China, China is facing numerous pressures of international public opinion. In view of this, public diplomacy has become a new diplomatic means of our country under the new situation. How to construct a perfect public diplomacy system to play the role of public diplomacy has also become an important task of our country's public diplomacy research. This paper holds that when public diplomacy communicates with the public abroad, it should also promote and explain the foreign policy of the domestic public. This is an important prerequisite for the smooth development of public diplomacy. The connotation of public diplomacy includes the main body of public diplomacy (the national government or the national government led, authorized or entrusted by non-governmental organizations). Social groups and individuals, objects of public diplomacy (foreign public relations, forms of public diplomacy (government public relations, media dissemination of information and educational and cultural exchanges), goals of public diplomacy (maintenance of national image), The rise of public diplomacy includes "the development of civil society" and "globalization". The challenges posed by the development of information technology "... with regard to the special conditions facing the development of our country's public diplomacy," It mainly involves a series of negative public opinions and poor international image that China faces after the end of the Cold War. According to the background of different stages of public diplomacy, specific tasks and different emphases, The process of China's public diplomacy is divided into three stages: the founding of New China and the end of the Cultural Revolution, the reform and opening up to the beginning of 90s, the end of the Cold War to the present. From the perspective of the development process of China's public diplomacy, China's public diplomacy presents the monistic characteristics and preferences of cultural communication. In addition, due to China's experience in carrying out public diplomacy, the lack of professional personnel, the influence of previous diplomatic concepts, and the setting up of government agencies, and so on, As a result, the following deficiencies exist in China's public diplomacy at present: the degree of emphasis on diplomacy is insufficient in strategic thinking, the incoordination of diplomatic system is highlighted in the policy formulation, and the overall integration of public diplomatic resources is not possible; These problems restrict the construction and function of China's public diplomacy system. In the face of the problems existing in China's public diplomacy, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to build a pluralistic system of public diplomacy. First, we should start with the system of public diplomacy, establish and coordinate the system of public diplomacy to ensure the efficient implementation of public diplomacy. It is necessary to integrate the support forces of "plural", bring into play the role of non-governmental organizations, social organizations, enterprises and individuals in public diplomacy, thirdly, in the practice of public diplomacy, we should expand the ways and methods of "plural" and innovate constantly. Finally, we should pay attention to the prerequisite for the smooth implementation of public diplomacy, including strengthening domestic construction, as well as the guarantee of personnel and capital. In short, only a "plural" and perfect public diplomacy system can be established. Only then can the public diplomacy of our country play its due role.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820

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