哈加纳研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 18:52

本文选题：哈加纳　切入点：犹太复国主义　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哈加纳是英国托管巴勒斯坦期间犹太复国主义政党劳工联盟建立的地下军事组织,也是以色列建国前伊休夫(巴勒斯坦犹太社团)最大、最重要的防卫组织。它在犹太复国主义运动史上占有重要的地位,并且成为后来以色列国防军组建的基础和核心,对以色列国的建立和发展产生了决定性影响。因此,对哈加纳的研究有助于我们全面了解犹太人在巴勒斯坦建国的曲折历史,对于解决今天的巴以冲突也具有一定的参考价值。本文由绪论、正文和结束语三部分组成。绪论主要阐明了选题的缘由和意义,介绍了国内外学术界对哈加纳问题的研究现状。正文共分三章：第一章,介绍了哈加纳诞生的历史背景。19世纪后期,由于沙皇俄国反犹和政治犹太复国主义思潮的影响,俄国和东欧犹太人掀起了向巴勒斯坦移民的阿利亚运动,结果引起当地阿拉伯人的敌视和反对,两个民族之间的矛盾冲突愈演愈烈。为求自保,犹太移民开始建立武装防卫组织,从而为哈加纳的建立奠定了基础。第二章,概述了哈加纳的诞生及其发展演变的历程。随着阿犹冲突的升级,整个伊休夫的安全受到严重威胁,而此前建立的武装组织已经不能适应犹太人自卫的需要,于是哈加纳应运而生。在经历了分裂与重组、阿拉伯人暴动和第二次世界大战后,哈加纳逐渐发展壮大,并最终成为以色列国防军建立的基础和核心。第三章,从四个方面论述了哈加纳的历史作用。面对当地阿拉伯人层出不穷的暴力袭击,哈加纳最大程度地保卫了伊休夫的安全。为了打破英国委任统治当局对海外犹太移民的严格限制,哈加纳组织欧洲犹太人非法移民到巴勒斯坦,并取得了显著成效。在与阿拉伯人和英国人的冲突中,哈加纳建立了系统的情报体系,有效地维护了伊休夫的利益。经过二战的洗礼,哈加纳最终为犹太国家的建立和生存立下汗马功劳。结束语对文章进行总结,认为犹太人在巴勒斯坦成功建国虽是诸多因素共同作用的结果,但是作为伊休夫“保护神”的哈加纳无疑起到了决定性作用,正是它促成了犹太复国主义目标的最终实现。哈加纳因转变成国防军而在形式上消失以后,其影响仍在以色列国延续着。
[Abstract]:Harakana is an underground military organization set up by the labor alliance of the Zionist political party during the British Trust of Palestine and the largest Palestinian Jewish community before the founding of Israel. The most important defence organization, which played an important role in the history of the Zionist movement and became the foundation and core of the later formation of the Israel Defense Forces, which had a decisive impact on the establishment and development of the State of Israel... The study of Harakana helps us to understand the tortuous history of Jewish statehood in Palestine, and also has certain reference value for resolving today's conflict between Palestine and Israel. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly expounds the reason and significance of the topic, and introduces the present situation of the research on Hagana problem in the academic circles at home and abroad. The text is divided into three chapters:. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the birth of Kazakana. In the late 19th century, because of the influence of anti-Semitism and political Zionism in the Tsar Russia, the Russian and Eastern European Jews set off a Alija movement to immigrate to Palestine. As a result, the local Arabs were hostile and opposed, and the conflict between the two nations became more and more serious. In order to protect themselves, Jewish immigrants began to set up armed defense organizations, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Kazakana. The second chapter outlines the birth and evolution of Hagana. With the escalation of the conflict in Aw, the security of the whole of Ishuf is seriously threatened, and the armed groups previously established are no longer able to adapt to the needs of the Jews in self-defence, After the division and reorganization, the Arab riots and the second World War, the Kazakh Qana gradually grew and became the foundation and core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The third chapter discusses the historical role of Kazakana in four aspects. In the face of the endless violent attacks by local Arabs, In order to break the strict restrictions imposed by the British mandate on Jewish immigrants abroad, Hagana organized illegal immigration of European Jews to Palestine. And achieved remarkable results. In the conflict with the Arabs and the British, Hagana established a systematic intelligence system that effectively defended Ishoff's interests. After the baptism of World War II, Hanagana finally contributed to the establishment and survival of the Jewish state. Summing up the article, the conclusion concludes that although the successful establishment of the Jewish people in Palestine is the result of the joint action of many factors, there is no doubt that Hagana, as the "protector of the god" of Ishoff, played a decisive role. It was it that led to the ultimate realization of the Zionist goal, and its influence continued in the State of Israel after its formal disappearance into the Defence Force.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.4

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