冷战后美国对华接触政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:06

本文选题：冷战后　切入点：接触政策　出处：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 经历冷战后期的密切合作之后,随着苏联的解体,美国对华政策再次面临着重建战略共识、探索新框架的必要选择。冷战结束后,美国学术界就引发了关于对华政策的大辩论,逐渐趋于形成以对华接触政策为主的共识,以期实现美国利益的最大化。老布什政府率先提出了对华“全面接触”政策,但在相当程度上仍属权宜之计,其接触的范围有限,尚属于浅层次的接触。其主要是针对“六?四”事件后美国国内出现的孤立中国的主张而提出的,其目的是为了维持尼克松以来的既定政策。克林顿政府在执政初期,由于将人权问题置于中美关系的核心而使两国关系陷入低谷,直到其第一任期结束时提出对华实施“接触战略”后才有所好转。克林顿政府的接触政策在广度和深度上较老布什时期明显提升,但在接触的同时也开始注重防范的一面,可谓是“两面下注”。其对华“全面接触”政策基本维持和推进了中美关系的进一步发展,并且也大致确立了美国对华政策的基本框架,即与中国保持接触的基本原则。小布什政府在上台伊始,虽然抨击克林顿政府对华政策过于“软弱”,并视中国为“战略竞争对手”,使其对华政策一度有转向“遏制”之势。但现实又迫使其改弦易张,希望中国成为“负责任的利益攸关者”。从实际内容来看,小布什的对华政策虽无接触之名,却有接触之实,接触的范围和层次已超越“简单的接触”。与老布什、克林顿时期相比较,小布什政府在保持对华合作的同时,更多地强调对华进行防范和围堵。那么,接触政策能否成为以后美国政府对华的一贯主张,是值得学界进一步深入分析探讨的问题。本文在前人研究的基础上,试图采用比较研究的方法以及分析与综合相结合、历史与逻辑相统一等方法,从多种角度对冷战后美国的对华接触政策进行系统梳理和考察,总结其接触政策的原因、内容、特点及目标等,并据此大胆推测出今后美国政府对华政策的主线将继承和延续前几任政府的对华接触与合作政策,只是在一些偶然因素下会有所波动。但是,接触作为一个手段和过程,通过与中国各个层面的交往与了解,以更好地实现美国的利益,是美国对华接触政策的根本目标。在增进中美互信与互惠,努力将中国融入现有的以美国为主导的国际体系同时,防范中国崛起对美国构成的挑战,将是未来美国对华战策的总体趋势。
[Abstract]:After the close cooperation of the late Cold War, with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States' China policy once again faced the need to rebuild the strategic consensus and explore the necessary choice of a new framework. After the end of the cold war, the American academic community triggered a great debate on the China policy. Gradually, the consensus on the policy of engagement with China has been formed, with a view to maximizing the interests of the United States. The Bush administration first put forward the policy of "comprehensive engagement" with China, but to a certain extent it is still an expedient measure, and its scope of contact is limited. It is still a shallow contact. It is mainly aimed at "six?" The purpose of the proposition of isolating China that emerged in the United States after the incident is to maintain the established policy since Nixon. The Clinton administration was in the early days of its administration. By placing the issue of human rights at the heart of Sino-US relations, the relationship between the two countries has fallen into a trough. It was not until the end of its first term that the "engagement strategy" with China was put forward. The Clinton administration's engagement policy was significantly higher in scope and depth than in the Bush era, but it also began to pay attention to the side of prevention while engaging. It can be described as a "two-sided bet". Its policy of "comprehensive engagement" with China has basically maintained and promoted the further development of Sino-US relations, and has also roughly established the basic framework of the US policy on China. That is, the basic principle of maintaining contact with China. When the Bush administration came to power, Although the Clinton administration was criticized for being too "weak" in its China policy and regarded China as a "strategic competitor", it once turned its policy toward China into "containment." but reality has forced it to change its course. I hope that China will become a "responsible stakeholder." judging from the actual content, although Bush Jr.'s China policy has no name for contact, it has the reality of contact. The scope and level of contacts have gone beyond "simple contacts." During the Clinton period, the Bush administration, while maintaining cooperation with China, stressed more on prevention and containment of China. Well, can the engagement policy become a consistent proposition of the US Government toward China in the future? It is a problem worthy of further analysis and discussion in academic circles. On the basis of previous studies, this paper attempts to use the methods of comparative research and combination of analysis and synthesis, the unification of history and logic, and so on, to systematically comb and investigate the American engagement policy towards China after the Cold War from various angles. By summing up the reasons, contents, characteristics and objectives of its engagement policy, it is boldly inferred that the main line of the US Government's policy towards China in the future will inherit and continue the engagement and cooperation policies of the previous administrations with China. But contact, as a means and process, can better realize the interests of the United States through interaction and understanding with China at all levels. It is the fundamental goal of the United States' engagement policy with China. While enhancing mutual trust and mutual benefit between China and the United States, and striving to integrate China into the existing US-led international system, we should guard against the challenges posed to the United States by the rise of China. It will be the general trend of America's strategy toward China in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2

【引证文献】