毛泽东时代意识形态作用下的中国对苏对美外交战略

发布时间：2018-03-21 16:58

本文选题：毛泽东时代　切入点：意识形态　出处：《武汉大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马列主义是毛泽东时代中国社会主流意识形态。不管是新民主主义革命时期还是社会主义建设时期,马列主义意识形态对中国社会政治、经济和文化等方面都产生了非常重要的影响。外交是内政的延续,马列主义意识形态对毛泽东时代中国对苏对美外交战略当然也产生了非常重要的影响。由于不同历史时期时代背景、历史任务不同,因此,马列主义意识形态在毛泽东时代不同历史时期表现出鲜明的个性特征。同样因为不同时期时代背景和历史任务发生变化,毛泽东时代中国政府和领导人及时调整外交战略,以实现中国国家利益最大化。关于毛泽东时代不同历史时期马列主义意识形态对中国对苏对美外交战略选择的作用,本论文认为马列主义意识形态的作用主要体现在指导中国对苏对美外交战略的制定,解释中国对苏对美外交战略的合理性以及整合社会合力以推行对苏对美外交战略。在一定历史背景下马列主义意识形态对毛泽东时代中国对苏对美外交战略的制定和实施作用有限,它是影响中国外交战略的重要因素,但不是决定因素,真正决定中国外交战略选择的还是国家利益。第一章首先解释意识形态、外交战略等相关概念,论证意识形态与外交战略之间的关系。概念是立论的基础,概念不明确,论证就等于是在沙堆之上建塔,得出的结论自然缺乏说服力。其次论述毛泽东时代作用中国外交战略的意识形态是马列主义意识形态。马列主义意识形态在毛泽东时代不同历史时期表现特征明显不同,产生变化的主要原因是因为不同时期中国人民的历史任务发生变化,中国外交战略随之发生变化。马列主义意识形态的作用主要是对所发生的外交战略变化相应进行指导和解释,以及整合社会合力顺利推行外交战略。第二章旨在论述新中国成立之前马列主义意识形态作用中国共产党联苏联美外交战略。以追求民族独立和社会进步为核心内容的民族主义现实诉求是马列主义意识形态在这一历史时期的表现特征,主要体现为在国际舞台上追求中华民族的独立主权地位和在中国寻求社会革命与社会进步的道路。抗日战争时期,日本帝国主义的侵略使中华民族面临亡国灭种的危险,中国共产党采取联美外交,终于打败日本侵略者。解放战争时期,国民党实行独裁统治,拒绝组织民主政府,中国共产党采取联苏外交,终于打败反动政权,将中国建成一个人民民主的国家。马列主义意识形态在这一阶段中国化的内涵集中表现为民族主义现实诉求,联苏联美是这一诉求在外交战略上的反映。第三章探讨新中国成立至20世纪50年代中期马列主义意识形态解释联苏反美外交战略的合理性。新政权成立后,美国不仅威胁中国国家安全,还联合其他国家对中国进行经济封锁,中国安全利益、政治利益以及经济利益主要受到来自美国的严重损害；中国与苏联不仅有相同的马列主义意识形态,而且苏联同中国一样也遭到美国的遏制与封锁,构筑中国联苏反美外交战略具备了现实的基础。联苏反美外交战略维护了中国国家安全,促进了中国经济社会发展。这一阶段马列主义意识形态表现特征是社会主义理性追求,这一意识形态表现特征在中国外交战略上的反映是中国加入社会主义阵营以应对美国对华遏制的严峻形势。第四章阐述了20世纪50年代后期至60年代中期阶级斗争扩大化如何影响中国反苏反美外交战略。这一时期,马列主义意识形态表现特征集中体现为阶级斗争扩大化。国内建设出现严重“左”的错误后,中国领导人对形势发生错误估计,国内阶级斗争扩大化逐渐影响到外交关系。美国对中国的威胁没有解除,苏联由盟友演变为中国敌人,中苏两党关系由分歧到分裂,两国国家关系也逐步走向破裂,中国安全环境非常严峻。中国政府采取反苏反美外交战略,以有限的国力同时反对世界上两个最强大的国家。20世纪50年代中期开始,世界局势渐趋缓和,中国采取激进外交战略虽然也维护了国家安全,但是代价太大,反苏反美外交战略有值得商榷之处。第五章详细论述了20世纪60年代后期至70年代马列主义意识形态作用下中国联美反苏外交战略。马列主义意识形态在这一时期表现特征体现为淡化阶级斗争,中国外交开始向客观务实的方向转化。文革时期的极“左”外交使中国外交陷于低谷,而苏联武力威胁显著上升,中国面临的安全环境逐渐恶化,中国领导人在国家安全上的认识与判断开始超越社会制度尖锐对立的传统认识选择联美反苏外交战略,具体体现为联合第一世界的美国,第二世界的西方发达国家以及广大第三世界发展中国家,构筑反对苏联战争威胁的国际统一战线。这一外交战略的重大转折,缓解了中国面临的安全压力,也为中国改革开放后选择全方位和平外交战略提供了某种思路与经验。
[Abstract]:Marxism is the mainstream ideology of the society of Mao Zedong Chinese era. Whether it is the period of the new democratic revolution and socialist construction period, Marxist Leninist ideology of social and political China, have a very important influence in economic and cultural aspects. Internal affairs diplomacy is the continuation of Marxist Leninist ideology of the Mao Zedong Era Chinese very important influence on the Soviet Union of American diplomatic strategy of course also produced. As the background of different historical periods, different historical tasks, therefore, Marxist Leninist ideology is a distinct personality in the era of Mao Zedong in different historical periods. The same table because the background and historical tasks in different periods of change, the Mao Zedong era China government and leaders timely adjustment of diplomatic strategy, in order to realize the maximization of China the interests of the state. On the Mao Zedong era Marxism Leninism in different historical periods of consciousness form On the role of state on the Chinese Su American diplomatic strategy selection, this paper believes that the Marxist Leninist ideology mainly embodied in the role of guiding Chinese Su to the American foreign strategy, explain Chinese to sue to American diplomacy strategy and the rationality of the integration of social forces in the implementation of the Soviet Union to American diplomacy strategy in a certain historical background of Marxism Leninism. Ideology of the Mao Zedong era Chinese to formulate and implement action of Su to American diplomacy strategy is limited, it is an important factor affecting Chinese diplomatic strategy, but not a decisive factor, really determine the strategic choice of China diplomacy or the interests of the state.
The first chapter explains the related concepts such as ideology, diplomatic strategy, demonstrating the relationship between ideology and diplomatic strategy. The concept is the foundation of our argument, the concept is not clear, that is to build the tower in the sand on the conclusion of the natural lack of convincing. Secondly, Mao Zedong Chinese time effect of diplomatic strategy ideology is Marxist Leninist ideology. Marxist Leninist ideology in the era of Mao Zedong in different historical periods show different characteristics, the main cause of this change is because of people's different historical tasks Chinese period change, China diplomatic strategy change. Marxist Leninist ideology is the main function of the diplomatic strategy changes the corresponding guidance and interpretation, as well as the integration of social forces carried out smoothly diplomatic strategy.
The second chapter is to discuss the establishment of Marxist Leninist ideology before the new Chinese role of the Soviet Union Communist Party Chinese United diplomatic strategy. Nationalism reality pursuing national independence and social progress as the core content of the Marxist Leninist ideology in the performance characteristics of this period, is mainly embodied in the pursuit of the Chinese nation's sovereign status in the international arena and seek social revolution and social progress in the Chinese road. During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese imperialist aggression of the Chinese Communist Party Chinese the danger of subjugation, take united foreign, finally defeated the Japanese invaders. During the liberation war, the Kuomintang dictatorship refused to organize a democratic government, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to take Chinese diplomacy, finally defeated the reactionary regime. Chinese, will build a people's democratic state. Marxist Leninist ideology at this stage The connotation of the concentrated expression of nationalist reality, the Soviet Union and United is this appeal is reflected in the diplomacy strategy.
The third chapter discusses the establishment of the new Chinese to mid 1950s Marxist Leninist ideology justifying the Soviet Union anti American diplomatic strategy. After the establishment of the new regime, the United States is not only a threat to national security Chinese, is also associated with the economic blockade of other countries in China, Chinese security interests, political interests and economic interests mainly suffered serious damage from the United States and the Soviet Union; China not only have the same Marxist Leninist ideology, but also the same as the Soviet Union was also China containment and blockade of the United States, the Soviet Union to build Chinese anti American diplomatic strategy has realistic basis. The Soviet Union anti American diplomatic strategy to maintain China national security, promote economic and social development. Chinese features of Marxist Leninist ideology which is a socialist rational pursuit, the ideological features reflected in the China diplomacy strategy is to join the social main Chinese The righteous camp is to deal with the stern situation of America's containment against China.
The fourth chapter expounds the late 1950s to mid 60s, the extension of class struggle to influence China anti Soviet anti American diplomatic strategy. During this period, Marxist Leninist ideology embodies the features of the magnification of class struggle. The domestic construction of the serious "left" errors, Chinese leaders on the situation occurred error estimation, domestic class struggle enlargement gradually affect diplomatic relations. The China threat to the United States have not released by Soviet allies into enemies China, the relation between the two parties split by differences, relations between the two countries is gradually broken, China security environment is very grim. Chinese government adopted the anti Soviet anti American diplomatic strategy, with limited national strength also began against the two most the powerful national.20 century mid 50s world, the world situation is easing, China aggressive diplomatic strategy while also safeguarding the country It is safe, but the cost is too big, and the anti - Soviet and anti American diplomatic strategy is debatable.
The fifth chapter discusses the Marxist Leninist ideology in late 1960s to 70s under the action of China United anti Soviet diplomatic strategy. Marxist Leninist ideology in this period reflects the features of desalination for the class struggle, China diplomacy began to transform to the objective and practical direction. The cultural revolution period extremely "left" the foreign China diplomacy into a low ebb, and the Soviet armed forces the threat of increased security environment Chinese face gradually deteriorated, understanding and judgment on national security of the China leaders began to go beyond the traditional understanding of the social system in sharp contrast to the choice of United anti Soviet diplomatic strategy, embodied in the combination of the first world of the United States, second of the world's western developed countries and the developing countries of the third world, to build an international united front against the threat of war. A major turning point in this diplomatic strategy, to ease the Chinese facing security The pressure also provides some idea and experience for China to choose a comprehensive peace diplomacy strategy after the reform and opening up.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D829;K27

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