卡特“人权外交”研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 00:18

本文选题：卡特　切入点：人权　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：所谓“人权外交”,主要指美国等某些西方资本主义国家把人权的基本原则运用到外交领域当中,作为处理国际关系的一种基本准则,这种外交政策往往以捍卫人权为幌子,达到干涉别国内政的目的,是一种具有侵略性质和霸权主义特征的外交手段。 1977年卡特出任美国总统,他继承了威尔逊总统的理想主义外交传统和对人权问题的关注,开始在全世界奉行积极的“人权外交”政策,揭开了美国外交史上新的一页。“人权外交”虽然不是卡特的发明,但是,却是因为他的努力使之成为美国外交政策的核心内容。在卡特总统执政四年中,“人权外交”被看做是当时美国政府处理外交关系最重要的出发点之一,并对美国外交政策构成了深远的影响。卡特之后美国历届政府的人权政策无一例外地遵循了卡特“人权外交”的基本原则,可以说这一外交政策已被美国的政治家们奉为经典,并沿用至今。鉴于“人权外交”在美国外交政策史中的重要地位和“人权外交”本身的敏感性,国内外研究该问题的学者很多,研究成果也颇丰。本文主要是在综合多位国内外著名学者的研究成果的基础上,结合自己在人权问题上的学习与认识,对卡特政府时期的“人权外交”进行一个系统的梳理和总结,同时通过对重要史实的阐述和理论问题的归纳,以期更加全面地概括出卡特“人权外交”的实质及其影响。全文共分为四个部分。第一部分,论述卡特“人权外交”的内涵。该部分较为准确地解释了“人权”、“人权外交”、“理想主义”、“理想主义外交”等相关概念,以及它们之间的内在联系。通过对这些概念的阐述,对卡特的“人权外交”能够形成一个总的认识。第二部分,论述卡特“人权外交”产生的原因。这一部分主要包括三个方面的内容,卡特“人权外交”产生的历史与时代背景,“人权外交”的理论渊源,“人权外交”与卡特个人经历的内在关联。通过对该部分的分析,我们了解到卡特的“人权外交”的产生并非无源之水、无本之木,它是外在与内在各种因素共同作用的结果。第三部分,叙述卡特“人权外交”实践的具体过程。卡特的人权外交与其他外交政策不同,它的实施范围相对较广,包括针对苏联与东欧的人权外交,针对拉丁美洲以及广大亚非国家的人权外交。通过大量史实,阐述卡特“人权外交”是如何在全世界广泛展开的,以及它最终的失败与失败的原因,以期更加系统地认识卡特的“人权外交”。第四部分,论述卡特“人权外交”的实质。卡特的“人权外交”作为美国外交政策的主要内容,他必然是体现美国意识和实现美国国家利益的手段。“人权外交”将美国式的人权标准强加与他国,是一种意识形态扩张的表现。通过该部分的论述,可以更加清楚地认识到卡特“人权外交”霸权主义的本来面目。
[Abstract]:The so-called "human rights diplomacy" mainly means that certain Western capitalist countries, such as the United States, apply the basic principles of human rights to the diplomatic field as a basic criterion for handling international relations. This kind of foreign policy is often used as a guise of defending human rights. To achieve the purpose of interfering in the internal affairs of other countries is a diplomatic means characterized by aggression and hegemonism. In 1977, Carter became President of the United States. He inherited President Wilson's idealistic diplomatic tradition and his concern for human rights issues, and began to pursue an active "human rights diplomacy" policy throughout the world. "Human Rights diplomacy" is not Carter's invention, but, But because of his efforts to make it a central part of U.S. foreign policy, during President Carter's four years in office, "human rights diplomacy" was seen as one of the most important starting points for the administration's foreign relations at the time. And it has a profound impact on US foreign policy. The human rights policies of successive US administrations since Carter have followed the basic principles of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" without exception. It can be said that this foreign policy has been regarded as a classic by American politicians. And still in use today. In view of the importance of "human rights diplomacy" in the history of American foreign policy and the sensitivity of "human rights diplomacy" itself, many scholars at home and abroad have studied this issue, This paper is mainly based on the research results of many famous scholars at home and abroad, combining their own study and understanding on human rights issues. This paper systematically combs and summarizes the "human rights diplomacy" in Carter administration, and at the same time summarizes the essence and influence of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" by expounding the important historical facts and summarizing the theoretical problems. The full text is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the connotation of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy", which accurately explains the concepts of "Human Rights", "Human Rights diplomacy", "idealism", "idealistic diplomacy", etc. Through the elaboration of these concepts, a general understanding of Carter's "human rights diplomacy" can be formed. The second part discusses the reasons for Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy". This part mainly includes three aspects. The history and historical background of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy", the theoretical origin of "Human Rights diplomacy", and the internal relationship between "Human Rights diplomacy" and Carter's personal experience. We understand that Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy" is not without water, no wood, it is the result of external and internal factors. The third part describes the specific process of Carter's practice of "Human Rights diplomacy". Carter's human rights diplomacy is different from other foreign policies, and its implementation scope is relatively wide, including human rights diplomacy aimed at the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. With regard to human rights diplomacy in Latin America and the vast majority of Asian and African countries... through a great deal of historical facts, this paper expounds how Carter's "human rights diplomacy" has spread widely throughout the world, and the reasons for its ultimate failure and failure. In order to understand Carter's "human rights diplomacy" more systematically. The fourth part discusses the essence of Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy". Carter's "Human Rights diplomacy" is the main content of American foreign policy. He is bound to be a means of embodying American consciousness and realizing the national interests of the United States. "Human Rights diplomacy" imposes American-style human rights standards on other countries, which is an expression of ideological expansion. It is possible to recognize more clearly the true nature of Carter's human rights diplomacy hegemonism.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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