立宪派的条约观探析

发布时间：2018-03-25 02:36

本文选题：立宪派　切入点：条约　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1840年鸦片战争开始,西方列强用坚船利炮打开了中国的大门后,强迫清政府签订了一系列不平等条约,从中获取种种权利。这不仅损害了中国的主权,还严重阻碍了中国的发展。立宪派作为20世纪初的一个重要政治派别,在推动立宪运动的同时,不断发表文章揭露西方列强瓜分中国的阴谋,抨击不平等条约对中国造成的危害,强烈要求废除不平等条约。立宪派以《新民丛报》、《东方杂志》、《外交报》等报刊为主要阵地,发表了大量关于条约和不平等条约的文章。立宪派在对国际局势和国际法了解的基础上,对什么是条约和不平等条约,条约的类别、性质做了很多研究,揭露不平等条约的本质,及对中国的危害。他们对主要的条约特权,如领事裁判权、协定关税等深入研究,提出了解决不平等条约的办法,他们认为要废除不平等条约,收回利权,可以从外交、国际法、改革上入手,但“根本之解决”在于“立宪”。立宪派的条约观在当时有着重要的地位,是晚清条约观的重要发展。与维新派的认识相比,立宪派对条约的认识更为全面,关注到一些往往被人忽视的条约特权。与革命派相比,他们反对帝国主义的态度较明朗,把目标指向了帝国主义。但认识也存在着缺陷,对条约的基本概念认识不够,对不平等条约的认识不系统,一些重要的特权关注不够,如租界制度。尽管如此,立宪派对不平等条约的认识产生了重要的影响,其对不平等条约的分析,提出的具体改订条约的办法对后来都有重要的借鉴意义,同时这也是一笔丰富的精神遗产。
[Abstract]:Since the Opium War of 1840, Western powers have opened the door of China with strong boats and sharp guns, and forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties from which to obtain various rights. This not only undermined China's sovereignty, It is also a serious impediment to China's development. While promoting the constitutionalism movement, the constitutionalists, as an important political faction at the beginning of the 20th century, constantly published articles to expose the conspiracy of Western powers to carve up China, and criticized the harm caused to China by unequal treaties. Strongly calling for the abolition of unequal treaties. The constitutionalists took newspapers and periodicals such as the New people's Cong newspaper, the Oriental Journal and the Foreign Affairs News as their main positions. Published a lot of articles on treaties and unequal treaties. Constitutionalists, based on their knowledge of the international situation and international law, have done a lot of research on what treaties and unequal treaties are, the type and nature of treaties, Exposing the nature of unequal treaties and their harm to China. They studied in depth the major treaty privileges, such as consular jurisdiction and contractual tariffs, and proposed solutions to unequal treaties. They believed that unequal treaties should be abolished. We can start from diplomacy, international law and reform, but the fundamental solution lies in constitutionalism. The treaty view of the constitutionalism had an important position at that time and was an important development of the treaty view in the late Qing Dynasty. Compared with the understanding of the reformists, the understanding of the treaty of the constitutional party was more comprehensive. Concerned about some of the treaty privileges that are often ignored. Compared with revolutionaries, their opposition to imperialism is clearer and their goal is directed at imperialism. But there are also shortcomings in understanding and insufficient understanding of the basic concepts of treaties, Lack of systematic awareness of unequal treaties and insufficient attention to important privileges, such as the concession system. Nevertheless, the perception of unequal treaties at the constitutional party has had an important impact on its analysis of unequal treaties, The proposed specific treaty amendment method has important reference significance for later, at the same time, it is a rich spiritual heritage.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257;D829

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