身份视角下的中美新型大国关系建构

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:06

本文选题：中美新型大国关系　切入点：身份　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：从国际关系史上看,大国崛起往往会引起战争。权力转移理论认为崛起国实力接近主导国时可能会引发战争。作为新兴崛起国的中国与作为守成主导国的美国能否避免对抗和战争成为一个值得关注的问题。中美都希望避免历史上大国对抗和战争的悲剧。中美之间需要建构一种新型大国关系。中美在政府层面上确认了建立新型大国关系的目标,但是在理论上尚未展开深入研究。本论文希望在理论上对中美新型大国关系研究有所贡献。论文中引入角色身份视角,中美建构新型大国关系可以理解为要建构一种新型身份。身份是通过互动建构的,恶性互动建构恶性身份,良性互动建构良性的新身份。温特提出三种国家间的角色身份：敌人、竞争对手、朋友。此种角色身份是一种单一身份的划分。论文中提出了复合身份的概念,重点研究竞争者—合作者的复合身份。中美间在冷战前期是敌人身份,在冷战后期是准盟友身份。冷战的结束使中美失去单一身份的明确定位,两国关系在一段时期内起伏不定。进入21世纪后,中美间复合身份凸显,这种复合身份由竞争者和合作者身份构成。复合身份是中美之间良性互动的基础,有利于避免建构单一的敌人身份。中美间在不同领域的身份差异比较大,影响着新型大国关系的建构效果。在合作者身份比较突出的领域,相对比较容易建构新型大国关系。在竞争者身份比较突出的领域,建构新型大国关系的难度就比较大。当今国际体系的进步为中美良性互动提供了可能,能否建构新型大国关系关键就取决于中美如何互动。中美之间存在的问题不利于良性互动。相互依存则把竞争与合作联系起来,使中美关系具有弹性,有利于良性互动。合作虽然是中美间理想的互动方式,但是由于双方对于相对收益的追求、缺乏互信等原因,既防范又合作的两面下注成了相当一段时间内双方互动的现实选择。中美需要通过良性互动来建构新型身份(即新型大国关系)。建构新型大国关系需要良性互动,良性互动应该从以下几个方面入手： ——要有创新思维。打破零和思维,避免冷战思维,抛弃霸权思维,探索价值观上的共识。 ——要控制互动的风险。根据“木桶原理”要防止某个领域、尤其是安全领域的敌人身份出现,这是中美互动的底线。 ——要完善互动的机制。中美关系机制化既是中美合作的结果,同时又促进中美合作。 ——要扩大共同利益。共同利益的扩大有利于中美之间的合作,有利于新型大国关系的建构。在进行理论论证之后,分别选取两个领域的案案例对研究假设进行实证检验。在全球经济治理领域,以二十国集团中的中美关系作为研究案例。在亚太地区,以美国“亚太再平衡战略”作为研究案例。从这两个案例中可以看出良性互动可以促进新型大国关系建构,但是不同层面不领域的情况不同。在全球经济治理领域,中美建构新型大国关系已经初见端倪。在亚太地区,中美建构新型大国关系面临着诸多困难。
[Abstract]:From the history of international relations, the rise of the great powers will often lead to war. The transfer of power theory that the rise of the country close to the leading country may lead to war. As the emerging country China and leading the United States as a conservative can avoid confrontation and war become a concern. China wants to avoid a big country in the history of confrontation and the tragedy of war between China and the United States. To construct a new Sino US relations among major powers. To confirm the establishment of the new power relations in the government level, but the lack of thorough study in theory. This thesis hopes to contribute to the study of the relationship between the major powers of the new theory.
This paper introduced the role identity perspective, the construction of new relations between big powers can be understood as to construct a new identity. Identity is constructed through interactive, interactive construction of malignant malignant identity, benign interaction to construct a new identity benign. Wendt three national identity: between enemies, rivals, the role of identity is friends. A division of a single identity. The paper puts forward the concept of complex identity, composite identity focuses on competitor - partners. In the early period of the cold war between the United States and China is the enemy of identity, at the end of the cold war is quasi allies. The end of the cold war, the clear positioning of the Sino US relations between the two countries lose a single identity, and over a period of time.. after entering in twenty-first Century, between the United States and China composite identity highlights, this composite identity from competitors and cooperators. Identity identity is the basis of complex interaction between China and the United States, favorable To avoid the construction of a single enemy. The identity between the United States and China in different areas of the identity of relatively large differences, affects the construction effect of new relations between big powers. In the cooperation status more prominent areas, relatively easy to construct a new type of relations between the competitors of identity more prominent areas, construction of new relations between big powers is difficult.
The progress of the current international system provides the possibility for the Sino US interaction, whether the construction of new relations between big powers, the key depends on how the interaction between China and the US. Us problems is not conducive to the benign interaction. The interdependence will link competition and cooperation, the Sino US relations has the elasticity, is conducive to the benign interaction. Although the interaction of Sino US cooperation between the ideal, but because both sides for relative income pursuit, because of the lack of mutual trust, both sides to prevent the realistic choice and cooperation on both sides into a considerable period of time. The United States needs to construct a new interactive identity through benign interaction (i.e. new relations).
The construction of a new type of great power relations needs a benign interaction, and the virtuous interaction should start from the following aspects:
There should be innovative thinking, breaking zero and thinking, avoiding cold war thinking, abandoning hegemonic thinking, and exploring common values in values.
To control the risk of interaction. According to the "barrel principle" to prevent the emergence of an enemy in a particular field, especially in the field of security, this is the bottom line of the interaction between China and the United States.
We should improve the mechanism of interaction. The institutionalization of Sino US relations is not only the result of Sino US cooperation, but also the cooperation between China and the United States.
To expand common interests. The expansion of common interests is conducive to cooperation between China and the United States and is conducive to the construction of a new type of great power relations.
After the theoretical demonstration, were selected in two areas of the case to empirically test the hypotheses in the field of global economic governance, the group of twenty nations in the Sino US relations as a case study. In the United States in the Asia Pacific region, the Asia Pacific rebalancing strategy as the case study. In these two cases can be seen can promote the benign interaction relations among major powers of the new construction, but different level field is different. In the field of global economic governance, the construction of new relations between big powers have emerged. In the Asia Pacific region, Sino US relations to construct a new country is facing many difficulties.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D822.3;D871.2

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