日本政治现代化发展进程研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 01:04

本文选题：日本　切入点：政治现代化　出处：《山西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代化是世界历史发展的潮流,而政治现代化作为社会整体现代化的重要组成部分,它的发展状况必然在一定程度上反映着整个社会的进步程度。一百四十多年来,日本在政治现代化的道路上艰难而又坚定的前行着,可以说经历了一个曲折而又漫长的发展过程。19世纪中后期,在西方列强的压力下日本被迫打开国门,明治政府的政治精英们为应对内外部环境所带来的挑战,开始向西方学习并引进西方的政治制度,他们期待通过政治改革使国家走向富强。改革后的日本迅速崛起为世界强国,改变了东亚的政治格局,从此日本也走上了对外侵略扩张的道路,同时也给亚洲其他国家带来了灾难。经历了两次世界大战的日本,终究还是为自己的军事扩张付出了惨痛的代价,也亲手毁了自己早期的现代化成果。二战结束后,在美国的主导下,日本确立了资产阶级民主政治制度,至此才正式走上了政治现代化之路。虽然日本的民主化是美国占领当局所赐予的,但客观上却符合了日本政治现代化发展的需要,也实现了日本政治秩序的稳定,给予了日本国民更多的政治参与空间,同时为20世纪60年代日本经济的繁荣奠定了基础。但是在日本民主政治的发展过程中,缺乏有效的政权轮替,从而滋生了一系列的问题,这些问题实际上都对政治现代化构成了潜在的威胁。2009年8月,民主党在大选中获胜,实现了日本宪政史上首次政权更迭,今后日本政治现代化如何演绎,成为人们关注的焦点。本文以日本政治现代化的发展进程为脉络,以求将历史研究和政治学的分析法结合起来,在前人研究成果的基础上,着力阐释日本政治现代化进程中各个阶段所发生的事件和存在的问题,并在此分析的基础上提炼出日本政治现代化的特点和我国政治现代化发展的可鉴之资,从而有助于我国在实现政治现代化道路中少走弯路,更顺利的实现自己的政治现代化。
[Abstract]:Modernization is the trend of the development of world history, and political modernization, as an important part of the overall modernization of society, must reflect the progress of the whole society to a certain extent. For more than 140 years, Japan has gone through a tortuous and long process of development on the road of political modernization. In the middle and late 19th century, under the pressure of Western powers, Japan was forced to open its doors to the country. In response to the challenges posed by the internal and external environment, the political elites of the Meiji government began to learn from the West and to introduce Western political systems. They hoped that through political reform, the country would become rich and strong. After the reform, Japan quickly emerged as a world power. It changed the political structure of East Asia, and since then Japan has also embarked on the path of aggression and expansion abroad. At the same time, it has brought disaster to other countries in Asia. Japan, which has experienced two world wars, After all, they paid a heavy price for their military expansion and personally destroyed their early achievements in modernization. After the end of World War II, under the leadership of the United States, Japan established a bourgeois democratic political system. At this point, Japan officially embarked on the road of political modernization. Although Japan's democratization was bestowed by the United States occupation authorities, it objectively met the needs of the development of Japan's political modernization and also realized the stability of Japan's political order. It has given Japanese citizens more space for political participation and laid the foundation for Japan's economic prosperity in the 1960s. However, in the process of the development of Japanese democratic politics, there is a lack of effective political power rotation, thus creating a series of problems. In fact, these problems pose a potential threat to political modernization. In August 2009, the Democratic Party won the general election, which brought about the first change of political power in the history of Japan's constitutionalism. How to interpret Japanese political modernization in the future? Based on the development of Japanese political modernization, this paper aims to combine the historical research with the analysis of political science, and on the basis of the previous research results, Focusing on explaining the events and existing problems in each stage of the process of Japanese political modernization, and refining the characteristics of Japan's political modernization and the instructive resources for the development of our country's political modernization on the basis of this analysis. It is helpful for our country to make less detours in the road of political modernization and realize its own political modernization more smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D831.3

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