美国与1955年日内瓦四国首脑会议

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:15

本文选题：美国　切入点：苏联　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年04期

【摘要】：1955年日内瓦四国首脑会议是上世纪50年代美苏冷战"解冻"的重要事件之一,通过相关外交档案研究发现,美国出于冷战思维和对苏联的不信任,对日内瓦首脑会议本身并不是特别热衷,最后迫于各方压力才同意召开日内瓦四国首脑会议。当时的艾森豪威尔政府十分清楚美苏双方在许多重大问题上存在根本性分歧,认定会议难以取得进展,因此确定了了解苏联领导人、争取关系缓和的会议目标。与会期间,美国与苏联在德国统一、欧洲安全、裁军和东西方交流等四个议题上展开了交锋,由于美国为首的西方阵营坚持主张先德国统一后解决欧洲安全,这与苏联先建立欧洲集体安全体系后解决德国问题的主张背道而驰,加之美苏双方在裁军问题上也互不愿意作出实质性让步,这使会议陷入僵局,未能取得重大进展。实际上,日内瓦四国会议难以取得进展的关键性因素在于美国坚持敌视苏联和以实力为基础的遏制政策以及美苏之间在德国问题上存在的根本性分歧。尽管会议没有取得什么重大成果,但对美国而言,还是在一定程度上实现了自己的会议目标,即通过会议对苏联领导人有了进一步了解,在缓和的宣传上未落下风,在一定程度上缓和了美苏之间自冷战以来的紧张关系,为日后"和平演变"战略的实施打开了方便之门。
[Abstract]:The 1955 Geneva four-nation summit was one of the important events of the Cold War "thawing" between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Through a study of relevant diplomatic files, it was found that the United States was motivated by the Cold War mentality and distrust of the Soviet Union. The Geneva Summit itself was not particularly enthusiastic, and the Geneva summit was finally agreed to under pressure from all parties. The Eisenhower administration at that time was well aware that there were fundamental differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on many major issues. Considering that it was difficult to make progress at the meeting, the meeting set the objectives of the meeting on understanding Soviet leaders and striving for relaxation of relations. During the meeting, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in exchanges on four topics, namely, German reunification, European security, disarmament and exchanges between the East and the West. Since the Western camp led by the United States insisted on the reunification of Germany before the settlement of European security, this ran counter to the Soviet Union's proposal to establish a European collective security system before resolving the German issue. In addition, the United States and the Soviet Union are also unwilling to make substantive concessions on the disarmament issue, which has led to a deadlock in the meeting and has failed to make significant progress. In fact, The key factor in the difficulty of making progress at the Geneva meeting is that the United States persists in its hostility to the Soviet Union and its policy of containment based on power, as well as the fundamental differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on Germany, although the meeting has not yielded any significant results. But for the United States, to a certain extent, it has achieved its goal of meeting, that is, through the meeting, it has gained a better understanding of the Soviet leaders, and has not fallen behind in the detente propaganda. To some extent, the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union since the Cold War was eased, which opened the door for the implementation of the "peaceful evolution" strategy in the future.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究资助项目:2012G034
【分类号】：D819

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