奥巴马执政时期美国南海政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 05:08

本文选题：南海问题　切入点：中美关系　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：南海问题由来已久,是中国与有关国家围绕南沙群岛主权与毗邻海域管辖权产生争议的问题。它既是历史遗留问题与领土主权问题,也是国际法问题和经济资源问题,因其牵扯国家多,涉及范围广,很难在短时间内得到彻底解决。但冷战结束至2009年前后,南海争端各方能够在一系列沟通与对话机制的协调下管控分歧,和睦相处。2009年的国际海疆划界事件是南海问题风云突变的导火索,在此风波结束后,美国在“亚太再平衡”的大旗下将战略视线东移,顺势介入了南海争端,美国的干预行为是通过明确的政策指导有序推进的,从“航行自由、遵守国际法”的道德说教,到“事关国家利益、确保规则秩序”的所谓诉求,再到“巡航南海、拉拢东盟”的实际行动。美国的搅局使南海问题逐渐由“隐性”变为“显性”,也使得有关争端国矛盾激化,小范围摩擦不断,地区局势风云开阖,极不稳定。奥巴马第一个任期内,美国实施了刺激国内经济复苏的一揽子计划,也成功实现了从中东和西亚地区撤军。在其第二个任期内,美国主要外交战场转移到了亚太,中美之间在南海地区进行着激烈的博弈。美国制定的南海政策,从初衷、内容、目的与手段上来看都有明显的“针对中国”倾向。2009年国际金融危机以来,世界权力格局发生了显著变化:美国的持续衰落与中国的持续崛起,尤其在南海地区,美国面临着影响力下滑、地缘安全形势严峻、盟友关系疏远、中国“战略扩张”、经济利益增大等一系列所谓的困境,这些要素构成了美国制定南海政策的出发点。美国是世界上最善于制定外交政策的国家。奥巴马时期的南海政策传递出美国政府对南海问题的基本立场、态度与价值取向,涵盖了美国处理南海事务的一般原则和精神,统筹美国在南海地区的外交行动与军事部署,为美国领导人发表涉南海言论提供了一个基本的逻辑思路。通过研究美国南海政策,可以清楚的解析奥巴马时期美国在南海地区“都做了些什么,是怎样做的以及为什么要这样做? ”从政策层面对美国外交与军事行动有个整体的把握和认知,为中国的应对和反击提供一个较为稳妥的理论建议。本文以奥巴马执政时期为限,这一时期美国不仅制定了一套系统的南海政策,也付诸于实施并取得了预期的效应,也可能会被特朗普政府所继承和延续。本文主体分为四大部分,第一部分介绍美国南海政策的出发点,第二部分阐述奥巴马政府南海政策的形成过程、主要内容与基本特点,第三部分介绍该政策的实施效应,第四部分对美国南海政策的未来进行了展望并提出了一些应对策略。从古典现实主义的视角来看,中美之间围绕权力和利益的斗争注定了两国在南海问题上的较量也会日趋常态,这就要求我们做好长远的规划与打算。
[Abstract]:The question of the South China Sea has a long history, and it is a dispute between China and the countries concerned over the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands and the jurisdiction over the adjacent sea areas. It is not only a question of historical legacy and territorial sovereignty, but also a question of international law and economic resources. Because it involves a large number of countries and involves a wide range of countries, it is difficult to completely resolve in a short time. But between the end of the Cold War and around 2009, the parties to the South China Sea dispute can manage their differences under the coordination of a series of communication and dialogue mechanisms. The international maritime boundary demarcation incident in 2009 was the trigger for a sudden change in the South China Sea issue. After the storm ended, the United States moved its strategic line of sight eastward under the banner of "Asia-Pacific rebalancing," and stepped in to the South China Sea dispute. The intervention of the United States was carried out in an orderly manner through clear policy guidance, ranging from the moral preaching of "freedom of navigation, compliance with international law," to the so-called "national interest, ensuring the order of the rules", to the "cruise of the South China Sea." The United States' stirring up the South China Sea issue has gradually changed the South China Sea issue from "recessive" to "explicit", which has also intensified the contradictions between the countries concerned in the dispute, kept friction on a small scale, and opened and closed the regional situation. Extremely unstable. During Obama's first term, the United States implemented a package to stimulate domestic economic recovery and successfully withdrew troops from the Middle East and West Asia. In his second term, the main diplomatic battleground of the United States shifted to the Asia-Pacific region. There is a fierce game between China and the United States in the South China Sea. The South China Sea policy formulated by the United States has an obvious tendency to "target China" in terms of its original intention, content, purpose and means. Since the international financial crisis in 2009, Significant changes have taken place in the world power landscape: the continued decline of the United States and the continued rise of China, especially in the South China Sea, where the United States is facing a decline in influence, a grim geopolitical security situation and estrangement of its allies. China has a series of so-called dilemmas such as "strategic expansion" and increased economic benefits. These elements constitute the starting point for the United States to formulate its policy on the South China Sea. The United States is the best country in the world in formulating foreign policy. The Obama administration's policy on the South China Sea conveyed the basic position, attitude and value orientation of the US government on the issue of the South China Sea. It covers the general principles and spirit of the United States in handling affairs in the South China Sea, co-ordinates US diplomatic actions and military arrangements in the South China Sea region, and provides a basic logical way of thinking for US leaders to make statements concerning the South China Sea. It is clear what the United States did in the South China Sea during Obama's time, how and why? "from the policy level, there is an overall grasp and cognition of the US diplomatic and military actions, which provides a relatively sound theoretical suggestion for China's response and counterattack." this article is limited to the Obama administration. During this period, the United States not only formulated a set of systematic policies in the South China Sea, but also put them into practice and achieved the expected effects, which may also be inherited and continued by the Trump administration. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the starting point of the South China Sea policy of the United States, the second part describes the formation process, the main content and the basic characteristics of the Obama administration policy in the South China Sea, the third part introduces the implementation effect of the policy. The fourth part looks forward to the future of the South China Sea policy of the United States and puts forward some countermeasures. The struggle between China and the United States over power and interests is bound to lead to an increasingly normal contest over the South China Sea, which requires us to plan and plan for the long term.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D823

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