乌克兰对外政策演变与乌俄关系

发布时间：2018-04-04 02:09

  本文选题：乌克兰　切入点：对外政策　出处：《北京外国语大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：乌克兰地处欧亚大陆“心脏地带”,地理位置十分独特。苏联解体、冷战结束后,乌克兰的地缘政治地位及其所处的地缘政治环境发生了巨大变化,成为俄罗斯与西方两大地缘政治中心之间的“中间地带”,被定义为欧亚大陆上的“地缘政治支轴国家”。乌克兰的对外政策在独立之后的20余年里也一直在东西方之间逡巡周旋,其对外政策重心的变化甚至可能引发国内政治危机,从而威胁整个地区的安全和稳定。乌克兰与俄罗斯之间一直存在着极为特殊的国家间关系,双方不仅在民族上同根同源,有着共同的历史和相似的文化,更在长达三百余年的时间里同属一个国家,即便在苏联解体后依然保持着政治、经贸、能源、军事、人文等领域的密切联系。对于俄罗斯而言,乌克兰是其维持和巩固在后苏联空间的传统影响力、推进独联体一体化进程的关键要素。而乌克兰要确保国内政治稳定、经济发展和能源安全,也需要与俄罗斯保持伙伴关系,开展互利合作。与此同时,乌克兰特殊的地缘政治地位使其在独立后不可避免地成为俄罗斯与西方“角力”的对象,乌俄关系也因此逐渐超出双边关系的框架,受到了大国博弈因素的影响。本文的研究对象是乌克兰对外政策的演变过程与乌俄关系,通过分阶段考察乌克兰独立后历届政府对外政策的发展变化,梳理乌俄两国20余年来政治、经济、人文关系的基本发展脉络,分析各个时期影响乌俄关系的突出问题,尝试在当前乌克兰危机尚未平息的背景下对乌克兰外交走向和乌俄关系的短期和中长期前景作出某种预测。本文共分为序言、正文五章和结论等七个部分。序言部分阐述了论文的选题意义、国内外研究现状、研究方法和创新之处、研究思路和论文结构。第一章论述了克拉夫丘克时期的对外政策和乌俄关系。本章阐述了乌克兰独立初期“一边倒”的亲西方外交的主要内容、推行该政策的原因以及乌俄关系在此背景下不时处于紧张状态的具体表现,分析了两国在政治、经济和人文领域的争执焦点、起因、双方的不同立场和对策。第二章论述了库奇马时期的对外政策和乌俄关系。本章首先分析了影响库奇马调整乌克兰对外政策的主要因素,阐述了其推行的“东西方平衡的多维外交”的基本特点和主要对外政策方向,分析了该政策在库奇马两届总统任期期间侧重点的不同及影响政策变化的国际背景和国内因素。之后,论述了乌俄关系在库奇马时期逐步缓和、改善、实现正常化的发展过程,讨论了各领域决定两国关系的一系列关键性问题的解决过程和双方存在的主要分歧。第三章论述了尤先科时期的对外政策和乌俄关系。本章首先论述了“橙色革命”对乌克兰对外政策此轮转向带来的影响,阐述了尤先科政府推行的“全面亲西方外交”的具体内容和战略目标。之后,分析了乌俄关系在这一时期出现显著恶化的情况,重点讨论了导致两国长时间处于争吵甚至对峙状态的各类突出问题和新出现的矛盾冲突点。第四章论述了亚努科维奇时期的对外政策和乌俄关系。本章论述了亚氏政府以放弃加入北约、“重启”乌俄关系为主要内容的“新实用主义外交”在各对外政策方向上的表现,阐述了乌俄关系由“重启”到进入短暂“蜜月期”过程中在各领域的具体反映,关注了乌俄在包括乌克兰一体化方向在内的部分问题上的纠纷。第五章论述了乌克兰危机爆发后乌克兰新政府的对外政策和乌俄关系的当前状态。本章首先梳理了乌克兰危机的演变过程和现状,之后阐述了反对派上台后推行的“去俄入欧”的对外政策的基本表现,分析了目前导致乌俄关系出现苏联解体以来最严重恶化的关键矛盾,最后对乌克兰危机的解决前景和乌俄关系的短期和中长期发展趋势进行了预测。结语部分总结了乌克兰对外政策的总体特征和影响因素,归纳了导致乌俄关系发展曲折的历史和现实原因,对乌克兰对外政策的成效和教训进行了思考。
[Abstract]:Ukraine is located in the Eurasian heartland, the geographical position is very unique. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, after the end of the cold war, great changes have taken place in Ukraine's geopolitical position and the geopolitical environment, as Russia and the two Western Geopolitical center between the "intermediate zone", is defined as the Eurasian geopolitical "the political branch axis countries." Ukraine's foreign policy after independence in 20 years has been between East and west "with change of its foreign policy focus may even lead to domestic political crisis, which threatens the security and stability of the entire region. Between Ukraine and Russia has a very special relationship between countries, the two sides not only in the ethnic origin, have a common history and cultural similarities, in more than three hundred years belong to one country, even in the Soviet solution The body still keep a political, economic and trade, energy, military, cultural and other fields closely linked. For Russia, Ukraine is to maintain and consolidate its traditional influence in the post Soviet space, key elements to promote the process of CIS integration. And Ukraine to ensure that the domestic political stability, economic development and energy security, but also need to keep the partnership with Russia, to carry out mutually beneficial cooperation. At the same time, Ukraine special geopolitical position so that it inevitably becomes a "tug of war" in Russia and the west after independence, the Ukrainian Russian relations so it is gradually beyond the framework of bilateral relations, influenced by great game factors. The research object of this paper is the evolution of Ukraine's foreign policy the Ukrainian Russian relations, through the different stages of development of foreign policy of successive governments after the independence of Ukraine, Russia and Ukraine two in combing 20 years of political Governance, economic development, basic human relations, analysis of the various problems affecting the period of Ukrainian Russian relations, attempts in the current crisis in Ukraine has not yet subsided under the background of the long-term prospects for the Ukraine diplomacy relationship between Russia and Ukraine in the short term and make a prediction. This paper is divided into seven parts preface, five chapters and conclusion. The preface introduces the significance of the topic, research status, research methods and innovations, research ideas and structure of this thesis. The first chapter discusses the relationship between Russia and Ukraine foreign policy during the period of Clough Chuck. This chapter expounds the main content of "Ukraine independence one-sided" Pro Western diplomacy, the specific reasons for implementing the performance the policy and the Ukrainian Russian relations under the background from time to time in a state of tension, analysis of the two countries in the political, economic and cultural fields dispute, both sides do not cause The same position and countermeasures. The second chapter discusses the relationship between Russia and Ukraine's foreign policy during the period of Kuchma. This chapter first analyzes the main factors influencing the Kuchma adjustment of Ukraine's foreign policy, the article expounds the basic characteristics of the implementation of the "East West balance multidimensional diplomacy and foreign policy direction, analyzes the international background and the domestic factors the policy focus in the Kuchma two term during the different and the impact of policy changes. Then, discusses the relations between Ukraine and Russia in the period of Kuchma gradually eased, improve, achieve development normalization process, discussed the main difference solving process in various fields determines a series of key problems of the relations between the two countries and the two sides are third. The chapter discusses the foreign policy and the Ukrainian Russian relations during the period of Yushchenko. This chapter first discusses the" Orange Revolution "of Ukraine's foreign policy the impact of the steering wheel, Yushchenko described the government's "comprehensive Pro Western diplomacy" and the specific content of the strategic target. After the analysis of the relations between Ukraine and Russia showed significant deterioration of the situation in this period, discusses the two countries led to a long time in a quarrel or even confrontation state of various outstanding issues and emerging conflicts. The fourth chapter discusses the foreign policy of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine during the period of Yanukovich. This chapter discusses Aristotle's government to abandon NATO, "restart" Ukrainian Russian relations as the main content of the "new pragmatism diplomacy" in the foreign policy direction on the table now, expounds the relations between Ukraine and Russia by the "reset" into a short "honeymoon period" process in all areas reflect the specific concerns of Russia and Ukraine disputes on the part of the problem including Ukraine, on the direction of integration. The fifth chapter discusses the Ukraine crisis after the outbreak of the Ukraine New Deal The state's foreign policy and the relations between Ukraine and Russia. This chapter first reviews the evolution process and the status quo of Ukraine crisis, elaborated after the opposition came to power out "to Russia into Europe, the foreign policy of the basic performance, analyzes the cause of Ukrainian Russian relations appear key contradiction since the disintegration of the former Soviet Union's most serious deterioration finally, prospects for solving the crisis in Ukraine, Russia and Ukraine relationship between short-term and long-term development trend was predicted. The conclusion part summarizes the overall characteristics and influencing factors of the foreign policy of Ukraine, summed up the result turns the historical and realistic reasons for the development of Ukrainian Russian relations, on the achievements and lessons for Ukraine's foreign policy.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D851.2;D851.13
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本文编号：1707905