美越关系中的战俘与战斗失踪人员问题与美越关系正常化

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:17

本文选题：美越关系正常化　切入点：战俘与战斗失踪人员问题　出处：《浙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战时代,美国以遏制共产主义力量为己任,介入了印度支那地区,支持越南的反共产主义力量。越战期间,北部的越南民主共和国和南部的南方共和临时革命政府就开始利用美国战俘作为谈判筹码,要求美国撤军。美国为反击越南,反过来拿释放战俘作为撤军条件,与越南展开谈判斗争。自此以后,美国战俘与战斗失踪人员问题成为了贯穿美越关系发展始终的关键问题。尼克松政府后期,美越最终签订巴黎和平协定,规定当事各方解决战俘与战斗失踪人员问题,美国援助越南重建的义务。早在艾森豪威尔政府时期,美国就确定了在东南亚构筑反共防线的目标就,因此它不甘心轻易放弃越南,于是继续支持阮文绍政权,到福特政府时期,还多次否决越南加入联合国的申请。越南统一前,其境内的越南民主共和国和南方共和临时革命政府抗议美国实行分裂越南的政策,拖延甚至拒绝与美国合作调查战俘与战斗失踪人员问题。越南统一后,建立了越南社会主义共和国,战后重建援助成了越南对美国的主要诉求。美国拒不承认有此义务,并坚持越南配合调查战俘与战斗失踪人员问题。随着国内舆论对该问题的关注度逐渐提高,以及国际国内的政治形势发生变化,美国卡特政府时期,开始灵活处理对越关系和战俘与战斗失踪人员问题,美越关系渐有好转。1978年,越南入侵柬埔寨,并形成了越苏同盟,美越关系又一度降到冰点,政治解决柬埔寨问题成为了当务之急。里根在第二任期,迫于国内压力,开始加快解决战俘与战斗失踪人员问题的进程,改善美越关系。这一时期,越南在国际上受到长期孤立,其在柬埔寨的侵略政策受到了国际社会的谴责。其国内又面临着生产下降,物资奇缺,人民生活水平极度低下的困境。这迫使越南政府调整对外政策,在战俘与战斗失踪人员问题上表现出了积极的合作态度,试图争取美国的经济援助和美越关系正常化。1987,里根任命维西将军为总统特使,处理战俘与战斗失踪人员问题和对越关系事务,使美越关系取得了重大突破,到里根卸任时,美越已经在该问题上取得了许多成果,美越关系也得到了很大改善,为最终实现美越建交铺平了道路。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, the United States intervened in Indochina to support the anti-communist forces in Vietnam.During the Vietnam War, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north and the interim Revolutionary Government in the South began to use American prisoners of war as bargaining chips to demand that the United States withdraw its troops.The United States fought back against Vietnam and, in turn, negotiated with Vietnam to release prisoners of war as a condition of withdrawal.Since then, the issue of American prisoners of war and missing combat personnel has become a key issue throughout the development of US-Vietnam relations.In the late Nixon administration, the United States and Vietnam finally signed the Paris Peace Agreement, which stipulated the obligations of the parties concerned to solve the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons, and the United States to assist Vietnam in reconstruction.As early as the Eisenhower administration, the United States set the goal of building an anti-communist defense line in Southeast Asia. Therefore, it was not willing to give up Vietnam easily, so it continued to support the Nguyen Van Thieu regime and went to the Ford administration.Vietnam's application for membership in the United Nations has also been rejected several times.Before Vietnam's reunification, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the interim Revolutionary Government of the Republic of the South protested against the United States' policy of splitting Vietnam, delaying or even refusing to cooperate with the United States in investigating the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons.After the unification of Vietnam, the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, after the war reconstruction aid became Vietnam's main demand for the United States.The United States refused to recognize this obligation and insisted that Vietnam cooperate in the investigation of prisoners of war and missing persons.With the increasing attention of domestic public opinion to this issue, as well as the changes in the international and domestic political situation, the Carter administration in the United States began to deal flexibly with relations with Vietnam and the issue of prisoners of war and missing persons in combat.Relations between the United States and Vietnam gradually improved. In 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and formed the Union of Vietnam and the Soviet Union. Relations between the United States and Vietnam once fell to a freezing point, and political settlement of the Cambodian issue became a top priority.In his second term, Reagan, under domestic pressure, began to speed up the process of resolving the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons and to improve relations between the United States and Vietnam.During this period, Vietnam was long isolated internationally and its aggressive policy in Cambodia was condemned by the international community.Its domestic production decline, material shortage, extremely low living standards of the people's plight.This forced the Vietnamese government to adjust its foreign policy, to show positive cooperation on the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons, and to try to secure economic assistance from the United States and normalize U.S.-Vietnam relations. In 1987, Reagan appointed General Vichy as the President's special envoy.Handling the issue of prisoners of war and missing combat persons and relations with Vietnam has made a major breakthrough in US-Vietnam relations. By the time Reagan left office, the United States and Vietnam had made many achievements on this issue, and US-Vietnam relations had also been greatly improved.This paves the way for the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D871.2;D833.3

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