军工复合体与美国对台军售研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 12:50

本文选题：军工复合体　切入点：美国对台军售　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国存在着众多的利益集团。军工复合体是各类利益集团中影响较大、地位较为重要的。军工复合体是美国资本主义发展到国家垄断阶段的必然产物，也是美国国家垄断资本主义制度的重要组成部分，它在美国有着特殊的地位。军工复合体的发展经历了漫长的历史过程。早在19世纪末20世纪初，在美国的海军现代化建设中，私人企业的广泛参与就缔造了美国工业界同军界、政界的互动关系，在这种互动关系中，军工复合体开始萌芽。一战之后，工业界同军界、政界的关系进一步密切。第二次世界大战则使军工复合体最终成型。朝鲜战争使美国经济形成了对军工复合体的依赖，越南战争则强化了这种依赖关系。在20世纪80年代里根执政时期，军工复合体的影响达到了一个新的高峰。经过90年代的调整，军工复合体增强了实力。21世纪初，军工复合体在美国政治、经济中的作用进一步增大，并成为影响国际局势的重要因素。今天的军工复合体主要由军工企业、军方、国会议员、智库以及部分媒体构成。军工复合体的五个主体相辅相成，共同的利益纽带使它们结成了一个密切的同盟。 1979年中美建交后，出于经济、政治和意识形态方面的利益考量，军工复合体的五个主体利用自己掌握的资源，积极推动美国政府向台湾当局出售武器。其中，军工企业以经贸活动为掩护，不遗余力地向台方推销军事装备。军工企业还通过在台湾建立政商关系，帮助台湾当局进行武器研发等方式运作对台军售。军方在政府的代表国防部则全面参与到美国政府的对台军售决策中，并通过发布研究报告的方式，“论证”对台军售的必要性。美国国会则利用立法职能，为对台军售确立法律依据。此外，，国会议员还通过写公开信的方式，利用自己的影响力，迫使台湾当局购买武器。美国智库和一些媒体在对台军售事务上则发挥了制造舆论的作用。军工复合体在对台军售事务上并不是随心所欲的。在美国国内、中国大陆、台湾岛内都存在制约军工复合体的力量。美国国家战略和民主政治制度经常让军工复合体不能在对台军售议题上如愿。美国国内的有识之士更是坚决反对向台湾出售武器。大陆方面反对对台军售的立场十分坚定。军工复合体在20世纪80年代运作售台F-5G战斗机，90年代推动《加强台湾安全法》，21世纪初运作售台F—16C/D战斗机的图谋都因大陆的外交努力而未能得逞。相比之下，台湾对军售的制约力度较小，但也不能完全忽视。军工复合体参与的美国对台军售行径造成了若干严重的后果。“条约必须遵守”和“不干涉内政的”国际法原则遭到践踏。中美关系也因此被恶化，而中国人民的和平统一事业也因美国对台售武而难以实现。军工复合体出于一己私利涉入对台军售活动也破坏了台湾的经济和政治环境。
[Abstract]:There are many interest groups in the United States.The military industrial complex is one of the most important and influential groups in all kinds of interest groups.The military-industrial complex is the inevitable outcome of the development of American capitalism to the stage of state monopoly, and it is also an important part of the American state monopoly capitalism system, and it has a special position in the United States.The development of military industrial complex has experienced a long historical process.As early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the extensive participation of private enterprises in the modernization of the navy of the United States created the interaction between American industry and military and political circles, in which the military industrial complex began to sprout.After World War I, industrial and military and political ties grew closer.World War II resulted in the formation of military industrial complexes.The Korean War made the American economy dependent on the military-industrial complex, which was reinforced by the Vietnam War.During the Reagan administration in the 1980 s, the influence of the military industrial complex reached a new peak.After the adjustment in the 1990s, the military industrial complex strengthened its strength. At the beginning of the 21st century, the role of the military industrial complex in American politics and economy increased further, and it became an important factor affecting the international situation.Today's military-industrial complex consists mainly of military companies, the military, members of Congress, think tanks and some media.The five main bodies of the military industrial complex complement each other, and the common interest ties make them form a close alliance.After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, due to economic, political and ideological interests, the five main bodies of the military-industrial complex used their own resources to actively promote the United States government to sell weapons to the Taiwan authorities.Among them, military enterprises use economic and trade activities as a cover, sparing no effort to sell military equipment to Taiwan.Military enterprises also operate arms sales to Taiwan by establishing political and commercial relations in Taiwan and helping the Taiwan authorities to carry out arms research and development.The military's representative in the government, the Department of Defense, is fully involved in the US government's decision on arms sales to Taiwan, and "demonstrates" the necessity of arms sales to Taiwan through the publication of research reports.The US Congress uses its legislative function to establish a legal basis for arms sales to Taiwan.In addition, members of Congress used their influence to force Taiwan to buy weapons by writing open letters.Us think tanks and some media have played a role in creating public opinion on arms sales to Taiwan.The military complex is not arbitrary in arms sales to Taiwan.In the United States, mainland China, Taiwan Island, there are constraints on the military complex forces.America's national strategy and democratic political system often prevent the military-industrial complex from reaching its wishes on arms sales to Taiwan.People of insight in the United States are strongly opposed to arms sales to Taiwan.The mainland's opposition to arms sales to Taiwan is firm.The military-industrial complex operated in the 1980s to sell F-5G fighter jets to Taiwan. In the 1990s, the attempt to promote the "Taiwan Security Enhancement Act" and the early 21st century to operate and sell F-16C/D fighter jets from Taiwan failed to succeed because of the diplomatic efforts of the mainland.By contrast, Taiwan's restrictions on arms sales are less severe, but cannot be completely ignored.The US arms sales to Taiwan with the involvement of the military industrial complex have had some serious consequences.The principles of "treaties must be observed" and "non-interference in internal affairs" have been trampled on.As a result, relations between China and the United States have deteriorated, and the peaceful reunification of the Chinese people has been difficult to achieve because of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.The military-industrial complex's involvement in arms sales to Taiwan for self-interest has also damaged Taiwan's economic and political environment.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：E117;D871.2

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