朝鲜核危机的症结与朝鲜半岛和平机制建设

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:31

本文选题：朝鲜半岛　切入点：核危机　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：朝核危机从爆发到今天已有近三十年了,这期间相关国家为彻底解决半岛问题进行了多次磋商,然而收效甚微。因此,有关朝核危机爆发的原因及难以解决的症结成了政界和学界热议的焦点。朝鲜地处东北亚,与中韩俄接壤,与日本隔海相望,地理位置的特殊性,导致朝鲜半岛的任何举动都会牵动相关国家的神经。冷战期间,半岛就是美苏两国对抗的最前沿,朝韩两国也受当时国际大环境的影响,经历了长达半个世纪的隔绝、对抗。冷战结束后,半岛结束了美苏两国的“对峙平衡”,却进入了一个对抗更加激烈的时期,成为冷战后世界上最容易爆发冲突的地区,被国际社会称为“亚洲巴尔干”、“冷战活化石”。朝核危机的再度爆发也让国际社会再次将目光聚焦在这里。朝鲜在2006年到2016年的十年里,已被证实共进行了五次核试验,频繁的核试验严重影响半岛乃至东北亚地区的安全稳定,招致国际社会的一片谴责之声。美日韩等国为了迫使朝鲜弃核,不断通过武力威胁和严厉制裁等方式对朝鲜施加压力,让朝鲜主动弃核。中国则积极斡旋希望朝鲜能够早日回到六方会谈中来,利用和平谈判的方式解决问题,然而这些努力非但没有成功,反而让朝鲜核研发能力得到提升。当前,愈演愈烈的朝核危机一方面会导致半岛局势更为紧张,南北对抗愈发激烈。另一方面,朝核危机还会给东北亚的安全局势蒙上一层阴影。当然,由于中朝两国关系的特殊性,僵持不下的朝核危机也会导致中国承受巨大的外部压力。长期以来,国际社会多次进行有关如何解决朝核危机这一问题的谈判和磋商,从“四方会谈”到“六方会谈”,虽有重要文件和声明的发表,但朝核危机依然没有缓和的迹象,美韩等国甚至利用武力威胁和制裁等手段希望朝鲜放弃核武,但从目前来看,可以说是收效甚微。笔者看来,朝核危机长期得不到解决的主要原因是,一方面美朝之间无论时战略需求还是在关键问题的处理方式上都存在巨大分歧。另一方面,东北亚地区的安全困境导致各方有其朝鲜与美韩严重缺乏互信,导致无法就重大问题达成共识。而最重要的是,目前维护半岛和平稳定的停战机制严重滞后。朝鲜半岛的停战机制是朝鲜战争结束后形成的,随着国际环境的变化,该机制存在约束力不足、机构功能丧失等缺陷,已无法继续发挥其应有的作用,机制架构以及功能的严重滞后,导致机制无法适应时代发展,难以继续维持半岛和平与稳定。为实现半岛及东北亚的永久和平,建构半岛和平机制取代停战机制已经迫在眉睫。为了能够更为深入的对朝核危机及半岛局势进行研究,本文将从造成朝核危机根本症结的分析入手,找到朝核危机的根本出路。从半岛和平机制的目标、原则和基本架构等几个方面对朝鲜半岛和平机制提出设想。并在以上分析和构想的基础上,对和平机制如何建构提出可行性方案。和平机制不仅能够实现对停战机制的补充和完善,更意味着朝韩双方将彻底摆脱“停战”状态,从法理上迎来真正的和平。
[Abstract]:From the outbreak of the nuclear crisis of North Korea today has nearly thirty years, during which the relevant countries to solve the problem of the peninsula conducted several consultations, but with little success. Therefore, the focus of the North Korean nuclear crisis causes and the crux of the problem is difficult to solve the political and academic hot. North Korea is located in Northeast Asia, bordering Russia and South Korea, and Japan Sea, the special geographical position, leading to any action on the Korean Peninsula will affect national nerves. During the cold war, the frontier against the peninsula is the United States and the Soviet Union, the two Koreas are also affected by the international environment at that time, after isolation, for half a century after the end of the Cold War confrontation. The end of the peninsula, the United States and the Soviet Union "confrontation balance", has entered a period of more intense confrontation, become the world's most easily after the cold war conflict areas, by the international community called "Asian Baltimore Dry "," living fossil of cold war ". The nuclear crisis erupted again but also to the international community to focus on here. North Korea in 2006 to 2016 ten years, has been confirmed a total of five nuclear test conducted frequent nuclear tests seriously affect the peninsula and Northeast Asia's security and stability, lead to a pieces of international condemnation of the sound. The United States and South Korea and other countries in order to force North Korea to abandon nuclear threat and continue through tough sanctions and put pressure on North Korea, North Korea to abandon its nuclear program. Chinese active active mediation wants North Korea to return to the six party talks to solve the problem by peaceful negotiation, but these efforts not only did not succeed, but let the North Korean nuclear research ability has been improved. At present, the North Korean nuclear crisis intensified hand will lead to more tense situation on the peninsula, the North South confrontation intensified. On the other hand, the North Korean nuclear crisis To the security situation in Northeast Asia will cast a shadow. Of course, because of the particularity of the relationship between China and the DPRK's nuclear crisis stalemate will lead to China withstand external pressure. For a long time, the international community has the problems of how to resolve the nuclear crisis negotiations and consultations, from the "Quartet" to the "six party talks", although the publication of important documents and statements, but still no signs of easing the nuclear crisis of North Korea, South Korea and other countries and even the use of force and the threat of sanctions wants North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons, but from the current point of view, can be said to be ineffective. The author's opinion, the crisis is not a long-term solution to the main reason is that there are great differences between the two hand no matter when the strategic needs or key issues in the processing mode. On the other hand, the security dilemma in Northeast Asia to North Korea and the parties South Korea leads to serious lack of trust, unable to reach a consensus on major issues. But the most important is that the maintenance of the armistice mechanism of peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula is seriously lagging behind. The armistice mechanism in the Korean Peninsula is formed after the end of the Korean War, with the changes of international environment, the mechanism of binding mechanism, functional defect, has been unable to continue to play its due role, structure and function of the system is seriously lagging behind, resulting in mechanism can't adapt to the development of the times, it is difficult to continue to maintain peace and stability on the peninsula. In order to achieve lasting peace on the peninsula and in Northeast Asia, the construction of the peace mechanism on the Korean Peninsula to replace the armistice mechanism is imminent. In order to more in-depth study on the situation of North Korean nuclear crisis and the peninsula. This paper starts from the analysis of the cause of nuclear crisis causes, the fundamental way to find the nuclear crisis of North Korea. From the peninsula peace mechanism, the original And some basic architecture and other aspects of the peace regime on the Korean Peninsula put forward. Based on the above analysis and ideas, put forward the feasible scheme on how to construct the mechanism of peace. The peace mechanism can not only realize the supplement of the armistice mechanism, but also means that the two sides will completely get rid of the "truce", from the legal theory in real peace.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D831.2

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