当代世界反美主义原因探析

发布时间：2018-04-21 00:30

本文选题：反美主义 + 新现实主义　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后,美国成为世界唯一超级大国,在美国实力攀升至世界巅峰的同时,世界范围内的反美主义浪潮却不降反升,愈演愈烈。“9·11事件”既代表了反美主义过去发展的顶峰,也预示了此后全球新一轮反美主义的起点。反美主义是主观的反美心理和客观的反美行动高度统一的行为,即并非所有的反美现象都是反美主义。反美主义产生的原因极其系统,包括理论和现实两个方面。从理论层面看,反美主义的原因可以从新现实主义的权力失衡,新自由主义的不对称相互依赖和建构主义的认同冲突三个理论框架下去寻找和分析。从现实层面上看,反美主义也的确是现实世界中权力失衡、不对称相互依赖和认同冲突的具体表现。同时也与特定国家和地区的历史、文化、与美国的双边互动状况等个性因素有关,这些使得反美主义在各个国家和地区的原因和表现不同。从理论层面看,反美主义的原因具有较强的结构性,它必将是长期的、持续的；但从现实层面来看,反美主义的原因更多地表现出建构性的特征,与双边的互动密不可分,充满了主体间性,因此就各国家和地区而言,反美主义也并非不能改善或减轻。在当前世界反美主义大潮汹涌的背景下,美国和世界共同努力,正视反美主义问题,辩证地看待反美主义原因的普遍性和特殊性,以积极友好的方式互动,加深理解、增进共识是一个十分迫切的时代课题。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, the United States became the world's sole superpower. While the strength of the United States climbed to the top of the world, the tide of anti-Americanism around the world did not decline but instead rose. The 9 / 11 event represents the peak of anti-Americanism in the past and indicates the beginning of a new round of anti-Americanism around the world. Anti-Americanism is a highly unified act of subjective anti-American psychology and objective anti-American action, that is, not all anti-American phenomena are anti-Americanism. The causes of anti-Americanism are very systematic, including theoretical and practical aspects. From a theoretical point of view, the causes of anti-Americanism can be found and analyzed from three theoretical frameworks: the power imbalance of neo-realism, the asymmetrical interdependence of neoliberalism and the identity conflict of constructivism. In reality, anti-Americanism is also the concrete manifestation of power imbalance, asymmetric interdependence and identity conflict in the real world. At the same time, it is also related to the history, culture, bilateral interaction with the United States and other personality factors, which make anti-Americanism in different countries and regions. From a theoretical point of view, the reason of anti-Americanism has a strong structure, it will be long-term and sustainable, but from a practical point of view, anti-Americanism has more constructive characteristics, and is closely related to bilateral interaction. It is full of intersubjectivity, so anti-Americanism can not be improved or alleviated in various countries and regions. Against the background of the current tide of anti-Americanism in the world, the United States and the world have worked together to face up to the issue of anti-Americanism, dialectically look at the universality and particularity of the causes of anti-Americanism, interact in a positive and friendly manner, and deepen their understanding. Promoting consensus is a very urgent task of the times.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815;D871.2

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