二战后日本对东南亚政府开发援助研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 22:35

本文选题：对外援助 + ODA　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战给全世界带来了严重的灾难,战后重建成为当务之急。政府开发援助在西方发达国家的倡导下开始成为一种新的国际政治现象。日本作为二战的主要发动者,给世界特别是亚洲国家造成了巨大的伤害和破坏,在战后有义务给予被侵略国以战争赔偿。日本战赔的主要对象是东南亚国家,日本借助政府开发援助的形式偿付对东南亚国家进行战争赔偿支付。这种有效的“战赔”最终成为日本ODA的缘起和雏形。日本对东南亚的ODA不仅在日本战后国家经济的恢复与发展上起了巨大的作用,而且缓解了东南亚受援国对资金和技术的急需。为东南亚地区的稳定和重建贡献了力量。由于战后和平条约对日本政治、军事在国际社会发挥影响力的诸多限制,日本只能运用经济手段来实现国家对外功能和国家利益,所以作为一种有效的经济手段,ODA从一开始就被当成外交工具,也是日本在东南亚实现国家利益诉求的手段。日本对东南亚国家的政府开发援助在世界援助体系中是极具特色的。日本对东南亚国家的援助从整体上看“功利化”趋向明显。对于日本来说,东南亚地区的战略地位优势明显：在地缘经济层面,东南亚地区有着丰富的石油、木材、橡胶、有色金属矿产等日本经济发展急需的能源和工业原料,东南亚地区还有着丰富、廉价的劳动力资源以及广阔的商品销售市场；在地缘政治层面,东南亚的地理位置对日本来说极为重要,是日本石油进口战略通道必经之地,堪称日本的“海上生命线”,也是日本政治军事力量投射的首选之地和远投放的“中转站”；在地区关系层面上,东盟地区组织正在区域一体化的进程中发挥日益重要的作用,成为地区整合合作的有效机制,也成为东南亚地区与域外地区、国家互动的平台。在东南亚地区大国关系复杂,既有地区内国家之间的历史、现实纠葛,也有域外大国之间在东南亚的权力争夺。随着中国国家实力上升以及在与东盟的地区合作中占据越加重要的地位,中国与东南亚地区关系不断升级,这些都给在东南亚地区有着传统战略优势的日本形成巨大的冲击。为了维持自身在这个地区的优势以及地区合作上的主导权,日本运用各种手段加大在东南亚的权势,日本政府开发援助遂即被开发出多样的形式来适应已经变化的了地区形势,运用ODA在东南亚国家已形成良好效用的基础上与中国在东南亚地区展开新一轮的博弈。本文主要分为四个部分来阐释日本在二战后对东南亚实行ODA的状况。第一部分力图对日本政府开发援助进行一个综合解释,包括概念、理念、发展历程以及组织机制等基本要素；第二部分考察日本对东南亚主要国家的具体援助情况,便于更好地理解日本的ODA政策以及便于分析缘由给我们在对东南亚国家进行个别援助提供可以借鉴的经验；第三部分主要定性的对日本援助东南亚国家进行一个分析,得出其中的普遍规律。进一步分析日本援助东南亚的直接经济利益追求之外的政治诉求以及已经获得的政治收益；文章的第四部分是本文写作的一个重要目的,对于中国来讲,虽然对东南亚援助的时间很长,但是一直以来除了几个少数国家之外,中国对东南亚的援助一直不是整个援助工作的重点,但在冷战后,随着东南亚地区在整个国际社会地位的上升以及在地区合作中日益发挥的重要作用,对东南亚地区关系成为中国外交的重点,中国为了在东南亚国家政治、经济以及地区关系占据有力的地位,必须借鉴别的国家特别是日本成功的经验,对比日本利用ODA为外交工具的实践,找出中国对东南亚援助的不足以及改进的途径。
[Abstract]:The Second World War brought serious disaster to the world, and the post-war reconstruction became a priority. The government development aid began to become a new international political phenomenon under the advocacy of western developed countries. As the main initiator of World War II, it caused great harm and destruction to the world, especially in Asian countries, and was righteous after the war. The main object of the war compensation is that the Japanese War indemnities are the main object of the Japanese war indemnity. Japan has paid the war compensation payment for the Southeast Asian countries with the help of government development assistance. This effective "war and claim" eventually became the origin and the embryonic form of Japan's ODA. The ODA of Japan to Southeast Asia was not only in Japan's post-war national economy. It has played a great role in recovery and development, and relieves the urgent need for capital and technology in the recipient countries of Southeast Asia. It has contributed to the stability and reconstruction of the Southeast Asian region. Because of the many restrictions on Japan's political and military influence in the international community after the post-war peace treaties, Japan can only use economic means to achieve the country's external power. As an effective economic means, ODA has been regarded as a means of diplomacy and a means of achieving national interests in Southeast Asia. Japan's government development assistance to Southeast Asian countries is very special in the world assistance system. For Japan, the strategic position of Southeast Asia is obvious: in the geo economic level, Southeast Asia has rich oil, wood, rubber, nonferrous metals and other Japanese economic development in urgent need of energy and industrial raw materials, and the Southeast Asia region still has rich, cheap labor resources and broad. At the geopolitical level, the geographical location of Southeast Asia is very important to Japan. It is the only place for Japan's oil import strategic channel, which is called "the lifeline of the sea" in Japan. It is also the first choice for the projection of the Japanese political and military forces and the "transfer station" to be launched far from Japan; in the regional relations level, the ASEAN region The organization is playing an increasingly important role in the process of regional integration, becoming an effective mechanism for regional integration and cooperation, as well as a platform for interaction between the Southeast Asian region and the extraterritorial regions, and the national interaction in Southeast Asia, with the history of the countries within the region, the realities, and the rights of the extraterritorial powers in Southeast Asia. With the rise of China's national strength and the more important position in the regional cooperation with ASEAN, the relationship between China and Southeast Asia has been escalating. All these have made a huge impact on Japan, which has a traditional strategic advantage in Southeast Asia. In order to maintain its own advantages in this region and regional cooperation, As the dominant power, Japan uses various means to increase the power in Southeast Asia. The Japanese government development aid is developed to adapt to the changing regional situation. On the basis of the good utility of ODA in Southeast Asia, the Japanese government has developed a new round of game with China in Southeast Asia. This article is divided into four parts. The first part is to explain the situation of Japan's implementation of ODA in Southeast Asia after World War II. The first part tries to make a comprehensive explanation of the Japanese government's development aid, including the basic elements of concept, concept, development process and organization mechanism. The second part examines Japan's specific assistance to the major countries in Southeast Asia so as to better understand Japan. ODA policy and easy analysis give us the experience that can be used for reference in individual assistance to Southeast Asian countries; the third part mainly qualitatively analyzes Japan's assistance to Southeast Asian countries and draws a general rule. Further analyses the political appeal of Japan's direct economic interest in Southeast Asia. The fourth part of the article is an important purpose of this article. For China, although the time of assistance to Southeast Asia is very long, the assistance of China to Southeast Asia has not been the focus of the whole aid work except a few countries, but after the cold war, along with the Southeast With the rise of the status of the whole international community and the important role played by the region in the regional cooperation, the relationship between the Southeast Asia and the region has become the focus of China's diplomacy. In order to occupy a powerful position in the political, economic and regional relations of the Southeast Asian countries, China must borrow the successful experience of the distinguished countries, especially Japan, to compare Japan. Using the practice of ODA as a diplomatic tool, we find out the deficiencies of China's aid to Southeast Asia and the ways to improve it.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D831.3

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