冷战时期美苏在拉丁美洲地区的争夺

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:37

本文选题：美苏争霸 + 苏拉关系　；参考：《山东师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 冷战时期美苏两国在拉丁美洲的争夺是美苏两国冷战时期全球争霸的重要组成部分,本文试图通过美苏对拉美争夺的对比分析,使得对美苏两国在拉丁美洲地区争夺的认识更加全面:美苏在拉美的争夺是冷战时期美苏两国争夺世界霸权在拉美地区的反映,也是苏联在美国传统势力范围内为寻求全球战略优势而采取的一种有效策略。同时,我们还应该认识到,美苏两国在全球范围内的争夺,根本上还是以经济实力为基础的综合国力的竞争,国际范围的争夺最终还要依靠本国的经济实力。本文的行文结构分为四个部分,以美苏两国在拉美地区的争夺为主线,分析美苏两国在拉美不同时期争夺的特点、手段和最终的结果,并从中汲取美苏在拉美争夺的经验教训,为我们的对外交往活动提供有益的借鉴。本文第一部分主要介绍冷战时期美苏在拉丁美洲争夺的背景,从三个方面来论述:战后初期形成的美苏争霸的两极格局是美苏争夺拉美地区的国际大背景;战后拉美人民的反帝斗争给苏联介入拉美创造了条件;美国对拉美政策的缺乏足够重视为苏联提供了可乘之机。这三个方面共同作用,构成了美苏两国争夺拉美地区的背景,以古巴革命为契机,美苏两国在拉美的争夺拉开序幕。第二部分介绍冷战时期美苏两国在拉美争夺的过程及表现,主要分为四个阶段: 第一阶段从战后到六十年代初,苏联开始介入拉美,逐步扩大自己在拉美的影响力,开始和美国在拉美展开争夺,直到古巴导弹危机,苏联的扩张势头才得到遏制。美国虽然成功阻止了苏联在古巴的战略意图,但美国也不得不重视苏联在拉美的影响力。第二阶段是六七十年代,苏联由于直接输出军事力量受阻,苏联对采取谨慎的态度,更多地采取援助,贸易,文化交往等方式扩大在拉美的势力。美国肯尼迪执政时期提出进步联盟计划意图减小苏联在拉美的影响,可随着美国陷入侵越战争泥潭和经济衰退,尼克松上台后采取的低姿态政策和卡特强调人权外交,都试图减少对拉美的介入,改善美国形象。第三阶段八十年代随着美国国力的恢复,美国里根总统上台后采取低烈度战争政策,加强对拉美地区的控制,而苏联则由于国内经济滑坡开始在拉美实行战略收缩。第四阶段八十年代末、九十年代初,东欧剧变、苏联解体,苏联在拉美建立的势力范围荡然无存;美国抓住有利时机推行北美自由贸易区计划,加强对拉美经济的控制。第三部分是冷战时期美苏两国在拉丁美洲地区争夺的对比分析。从两国在拉美的战略目标上看,美国主要是维护维护其后院的安全与稳定,而苏联的领导并不讳言他们在拉丁美洲活动的首要目标是要破坏美国在该地区的力量和影响;策略对比上,建立军事政治集团,利用国际组织的力量来压制反对势力,进行国际制裁是美国常用的手段,而苏联的成功之处在于寻找代理人,扶植反美势力;从争夺的过程中所呈现出的态势来看,美国的扩张层现波浪式,苏联的扩张层现抛物线式;从最终的的不同结局来看,地缘政治因素虽然占了很大方面,但国家的经济实力才是根本。第四部分是冷战时期美苏在拉丁美洲争夺所产生的影响。对美国而言,牵制了美国,降低了美国在拉美的影响力;对苏联的影响主要是经济损失,政治获利;对拉美的影响主要是美苏在拉美的争夺给拉美人民带来巨大灾难,推动了拉美人民独立外交的开展和加强区域间的合作。通过这三个方面进行论述,使得对美苏在拉美的争夺有一个整体上的评价和认识。
[Abstract]:The contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America during the cold war is an important part of the global hegemony during the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. This article tries to make a more comprehensive understanding of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America through a comparative analysis of the Latin American contention between the United States and the Soviet Union. The reflection of hegemony in Latin America is also an effective strategy adopted by the Soviet Union to seek global strategic advantages within the scope of the American traditional forces. At the same time, we should realize that the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in the global scope is fundamentally the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economic strength, and the competition in the international scope is finally returned. It depends on the economic strength of the country.
The structure of this article is divided into four parts. Taking the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America as the main line, this paper analyzes the characteristics, means and final results of the scramble between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America and the Latin American period, and draws lessons from the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America and provide useful reference for our foreign communication activities.
The first part of this paper mainly introduces the background of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America during the cold war period. From three aspects, the two poles of the war between the United States and the Soviet Union formed in the early postwar period are the international background of the United States and the Soviet Union for the Latin American region; the anti imperialist struggle of the Latin American people created the conditions for the Soviet Union to intervene in Latin America; the American policy of Latin America is lacking. Enough attention was given to the Soviet Union. The joint role of the three sides constituted the background for the United States and the Soviet Union to compete for the Latin American region. The Cuban Revolution was the opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to compete in Latin America.
The second part introduces the process and performance of the US and Soviet Union's struggle in Latin America during the cold war, which is divided into four stages.
In the first stage, from the post-war to the early 60s, the Soviet Union began to intervene in Latin America, gradually expanding its influence in Latin America, and began to contend with the United States in Latin America until the Cuban missile crisis, the expansion of the Soviet Union was restrained. The United States had to stop the Soviet Union's strategic intentions in the ancient Ba, but the United States had to pay attention to the Soviet Union. The influence of Latin America.
The second stage was in 60s and 70s. The Soviet Union, due to the resistance of the direct output of military forces, took a cautious attitude and expanded its forces in Latin America by taking more assistance, trade and cultural exchanges. The United States Kennedy came up with the progress alliance plan to reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in Latin America and the United States could invade the Vietnam War. For the quagmire and recession, Nixon's low profile policy after taking office and Carter's emphasis on human rights diplomacy are all trying to reduce their involvement in Latin America and improve the image of the United States.
In the third stage, in 80s, with the recovery of the national strength of the United States, President Reagan adopted a low intensity war policy after taking power in the United States, strengthening control of the Latin American region, while the Soviet Union began to implement a strategic contraction in Latin America because of the domestic economic downturn.
At the end of the fourth stage, in the late 80s, in the early 90s, the Eastern Europe was upheaval, the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the Soviet Union was set up in Latin America. The United States seized the opportunity to carry out the North American Free Trade Zone plan and strengthen the control of the Latin American economy.
The third part is the comparative analysis of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in the Latin American region during the cold war. From the strategic objectives of Latin America, the United States mainly maintains and maintains the security and stability of its backyard, while the leadership of the Soviet Union does not say that the primary goal of their activities in Latin America is to destroy the strength and influence of the United States in the region; In contrast, the establishment of military political groups, the use of the strength of the international organizations to suppress opposition forces and international sanctions is the common means of the United States, and the success of the Soviet Union lies in searching for agents and supporting the anti American forces. From the trend of the struggle, the expansion of the United States is now wavy, and the expansion of the Soviet Union is present. In terms of the final outcome, geopolitical factors account for a great deal, but the economic strength of the country is fundamental.
The fourth part was the influence of the United States and the Soviet Union in the Latin American struggle during the cold war. For the United States, the United States was taken to reduce the influence of the United States in Latin America; the influence on the Soviet Union was mainly economic loss and political profit; the impact on Latin America was mainly caused by the great disaster of the Soviet Union in Latin America and the Latin American people. The development of the independent diplomacy of the people and the strengthening of the cooperation between regions. Through these three aspects, it makes a whole evaluation and understanding of the contention between the United States and the Soviet Union in Latin America.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2

【参考文献】