近代以来欧洲岛屿主权争端解决模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 22:18

本文选题：欧洲 + 国际关系　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：历史上,岛屿主权争端对于海权发展有着重要影响,同时它也是当代国际关系中的关键课题之一。19世纪末至20世纪中叶,欧洲国家在解决相互间岛屿主权争端过程中探索出多种行之有效的冲突化解机制。和平处理、合作共赢是其岛屿争端调节机制的主要特点。这一时期,欧洲国家通过合理的争端处理模式,成功化解了不同类型的多起岛屿主权争端,为集体安全提供了更充分的保证,最终消除了和平环境的潜在威胁,促进了良性国际关系的构建。这对当下具有重要的借鉴意义。本文共分四章,主要内容如下:绪论部分主要介绍论文选题背景和研究意义、国内外研究现状以及论文采用的主要研究方法和文章结构。第一章归纳总结欧洲岛屿主权争端基本情况、特点、解决途径和影响。欧洲国家间岛屿主权争端影响范围广阔。各国倾向于通过外交谈判或国际法院仲裁等形式,和平解决争端,取得了较好效果。第二章主要介绍英国同德国赫尔戈兰岛争端的历史发展和解决,并归纳总结整合性谈判模式的特点和影响。赫尔戈兰岛位于德国近海,19世纪80年代时由英国控制。该岛在国家安全和海军建设层面对德国具有重要价值,因此统一后的德国要求获得赫尔戈兰主权。受两国关系、实力对比和国际环境影响,外交谈判成为处理这一争端的主要形式。英德殖民地矛盾的发展推动了赫尔戈兰问题的解决。1890年英德签订《赫尔戈兰—桑给巴尔条约》,英国割让赫尔戈兰岛,换取德国放弃其在东非的部分殖民地利益。两国通过相互协商,和平解决了岛屿争端。英德两国采取的整合性谈判模式,有助于双方充分认识彼此核心利益,进而互相妥协、化解争议,避免冲突升级,实现共同利益最大化。第三章主要介绍英国和法国海峡群岛争端的历史与解决情况,同时分析国际法院仲裁模式对于解决此类争端的功能。国际法院在战后主权国家之间的领土争端解决中发挥着重要作用。英法海峡群岛争端是国际法院成立后成功裁决的第一例领土争端。19世纪后,英法针对海峡群岛中明基埃群岛和埃克荷斯群岛的主权归属产生争端。在协商未果的情况下,双方于1951年将争端提交位于荷兰海牙的国际法院。1953年,国际法院经过审理并主要依据"有效控制"原则,裁定争议岛屿的主权属于英国。英法两国通过国际法院仲裁模式,成功化解了海峡群岛争端,这对于我国处理与周边国家的岛屿争端具有极为现实的借鉴意义。第四章主要介绍欧洲各国围绕斯瓦尔巴群岛归属问题的外交活动,归纳总结共同开发模式的特点和影响。斯瓦尔巴群岛是北极地区主要岛屿之一。19世纪末,针对斯瓦尔巴群岛归属,挪威、瑞典、沙俄等国发生争议。1920年签署的《斯瓦尔巴条约》彻底解决了关于该群岛归属问题。《斯瓦尔巴条约》在赋予挪威对该群岛充分和完全主权的同时,确保各缔约国的公民可以自由进入,在遵守当地法律的情况下平等从事正当的生产和经营活动,从而确立了共同开发原则。"斯瓦尔巴模式"能够有效避免冲突升级、促进互利共赢,在解决岛屿争端的实践中具有重要意义。结语部分总结欧洲国家解决岛屿争端的成功经验,对三种主要解决模式的特点和作用进行概括。以和平化解争端为核心的岛屿争端解决模式在欧洲历史上得到充分发展,这也为我国开拓海洋事业提供了重要启示。
[Abstract]:In history, island sovereignty disputes have an important influence on the development of maritime rights. At the same time, it is also one of the key issues in the contemporary international relations. From the end of the.19 century to the middle of the twentieth Century, the European countries have explored various effective conflict resolution mechanisms in the process of solving the sovereignty dispute between each other island. In this period, the European countries successfully solved the different types of island sovereignty disputes through a reasonable dispute handling mode, which provided a more sufficient guarantee for the collective security, eventually eliminated the potential threat to the peaceful environment and promoted the construction of the good international relations. This has an important loan to the present. This article is divided into four chapters. The main contents are as follows: the introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the current situation at home and abroad, the main research methods and the structure of the paper. The first chapter sums up the basic situation, characteristics, solutions and effects of the island sovereignty dispute in Europe. The second chapters mainly introduce the historical development and settlement of the dispute between Britain and the Hull Golan island in Germany, and summarize the characteristics and effects of the integrated negotiation model. The Hull Golan island is located in the offshore of Germany, 1 Under the control of the United Kingdom in 880s, the island was of great value in the face of the national security and naval construction, so the reunification Germany demanded the sovereignty of the Hull Golan. The diplomatic negotiations became the main form of dealing with the dispute by the relations of the two countries, the contrast of strength and the international environmental impact. The settlement of the Hull Golan issue in.1890, Britain and Germany signed the Hull Golan Zanzibar treaty, the British ceded the Hull Golan in exchange for the German abandonment of its partial colonial interests in East Africa. The two countries settled the island dispute peacefully through mutual consultation. The integrated negotiation model adopted by Britain and Germany will help both sides to fully understand each other. The third chapter mainly introduces the history and the settlement of the dispute between the British and the French Strait Islands, and analyzes the function of the arbitration model of the International Court of justice for the settlement of such disputes. The dispute between the English and French islands is the first case of a territorial dispute after the establishment of the International Court of justice after the founding of the International Court of Justice (.19), and the British and French disputes over the sovereignty of the islands and the eke islands in the Strait Islands. In 1951, the dispute was submitted to the country in Hague, Holland. In.1953, the International Court of justice, after trial and mainly based on the principle of "effective control", ruled that the sovereignty of the disputed islands belonged to the UK. Through the arbitration model of the International Court of justice, the two countries successfully defused the Strait Islands Dispute, which is of great practical significance for our country to deal with the islands of the surrounding countries. The fourth chapters are mainly concerned. The characteristics and influence of the European countries around the ascription of the Svalbard Archipelago are summed up. The Svalbard Islands is one of the main islands of the Arctic region at the end of the.19 century. The svalbun treaty, signed by the Svalbard Islands, Norway, Sweden and Russia, has been completely resolved by the svalba treaty in.1920. The J Val Ba treaty, while giving Norway the full and full sovereignty of the archipelago, ensures that citizens of all States parties are free to enter and engage in legitimate production and operation in compliance with local laws, thus establishing the principle of co development. The "J Val Ba model" can be effective. To avoid conflict escalation and promote mutual benefit and win-win situation, it is of great significance in the practice of settlement of island disputes. The concluding part summarizes the successful experience of the European countries to solve the island dispute and generalizes the characteristics and functions of the three main solutions. The island dispute settlement model at the core of the peaceful resolution of disputes has been fully developed in European history. This also provides important inspiration for China to open up the ocean industry.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.3

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