中美联络处与两国关系正常化

发布时间：2018-05-14 00:37

本文选题：中国 + 美国　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1949年新中国成立后,由于中美在意识形态和政治制度等方面存在着差异,致使双方隔绝、对峙了20多年。在此期间,中美两国一直通过除正式外交之外的其他多种渠道进行接触与沟通。但自1972年美国总统理查德·尼克松访华后,中美关系获得迅速发展,在政治、经济、贸易和文化等方面的交流也日益频繁。这样,原有的联络渠道已无法满足两国沟通的需要,在两国之间必须考虑重新建立一种新的联络途径。此外,自20世纪60年代末开始,国际形势也发生了明显变化;苏联一度成为中美两国的巨大威胁。如果此时能够在中美之间建立起一种“有形”联系,对于抑制苏联的扩张无疑是具有重大作用的。中美两国政府通过协商,最后一致同意在双方首都互设联络处,作为联络机构。中美联络处不仅是中美双方沟通的桥梁,也是双方领导人了解彼此国情的一个重要窗口。在中美关系正常化进程中,美国驻华联络处不仅为美国政要访华出谋划策,对中国政治局势密切关注,还根据自己对中国国情以及政治、文化的了解向制定对华政策的美国高层决策者提出自己的意见和建议,为中美两国关系健康发展搭桥铺路。中国驻美联络处也在推动中美文化交流、促进中美贸易往来、加强中美双方相互理解方面发挥了积极作用。一切无疑加速了两国关系正常化进程。20世纪70年代后半期,由于苏联大肆扩张其势力范围,致使中美两国的国际战略形势日益恶化,对此,两国不得不下定决心启动建交谈判。在这一谈判过程中,美国驻华联络处向国内提出了“先易后难”的谈判原则,并得到高层决策者的认可;中国驻美联络处及时报告了美国政府的政治立场。这样,在中、美双方领导人和联络处的不懈努力下,中美建交谈判终以令人惊讶的速度取得了成功。中美关系最终实现了正常化。
[Abstract]:After the founding of New China in 1949, because of the differences in ideology and political system between China and the United States, the two sides were isolated and confronted for more than 20 years. During this period, China and the United States have been in contact and communication through a variety of channels other than formal diplomacy. But since President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972, Sino-US relations have developed rapidly, and exchanges in politics, economy, trade and culture have become increasingly frequent. In this way, the existing communication channels can no longer meet the needs of communication between the two countries, so we must consider re-establishing a new way of communication between the two countries. Moreover, the international situation has changed markedly since the late 1960s, and the Soviet Union was once a great threat to China and the United States. If a "tangible" link between China and the United States can be established at this time, it will undoubtedly play a major role in curbing the Soviet Union's expansion. Through consultations, the two governments agreed to establish liaison offices in each other's capitals as liaison agencies. The Sino-American Liaison Office is not only a bridge between China and the United States, but also an important window for leaders of both sides to understand each other's national conditions. In the process of normalization of Sino-US relations, the US Liaison Office in China not only advises US dignitaries on their visit to China, pays close attention to the political situation in China, but also according to their own national conditions and politics. A cultural understanding will provide advice and suggestions to top U.S. policy makers on China, paving the way for the healthy development of Sino-US relations. The Chinese Liaison Office in the United States has also played an active role in promoting cultural exchanges between China and the United States, promoting trade exchanges between China and the United States, and enhancing mutual understanding between China and the United States. In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union expanded its sphere of influence, which led to the worsening of the international strategic situation between China and the United States. Therefore, the two countries had to resolve to start negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations. In the course of this negotiation, the US Liaison Office in China put forward the negotiation principle of "easy before difficult" and was recognized by the senior decision makers, and the Chinese Liaison Office in the United States reported the political position of the US government in time. In this way, thanks to the unremitting efforts of US and Chinese leaders and liaison offices, the negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States have finally succeeded at a surprising speed. Relations between China and the United States were finally normalized.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D829

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