萨道义与1900-1906年的英国对华政策

发布时间：2018-05-16 13:12

本文选题：中英关系 + 萨道义　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：19世纪末，列强掀起瓜分中国的狂潮，英国在华利益受到极大的挑战，对华政策紊乱，在力主“门户开放”与维护长江流域特权间摇摆不定。1900年到1906年，萨道义担任英国驻华公使，见证了英国对华政策的调整和转折。义和团运动爆发后，各国开始协同“作战”，但仍存在矛盾，此后，英国从本国商业利益考虑，以辛丑议和为契机，萨道义提出修改商约的主张，这一主张得到各国的赞许；义和团运动后，俄军驻扎中国东北拒不撤退，中国国内掀起拒俄运动，英国采取观望态度，从中渔利；日本在朝鲜的活动，激化了与俄国之间的矛盾，日俄战争爆发，清政府严守中立，英国静观其变；日俄战争后，日本成为英国远东利益新的威胁力量，此时英国干预在华事务的能力大不如前，常以妥协了事，政策的调整也更加谨慎。全文共分为六个部分：第一部分介绍英国的传统政策，以及到了20世纪初期英国对华政策的变化，并分析发生这种变化的原因。第二部分介绍自鸦片战争以后清政府对外采取的政策。甲午中日战争后，清政府对外态度发生了明显的变化，，出现了一些新的特点，本文力争阐释清楚出现的这种新特点及其产生的原因，为进一步研究20世纪初期的中英关系做好铺垫。第三部分介绍义和团运动期间，英国驻华公使窦纳乐（萨道义的前任），根据形势的变化，在对华政策方面做出的初步调整。后面三部分重点介绍了在《辛丑条约》的谈判、拒俄运动、日俄战争这几件典型的事件中，萨道义作为此时英国的驻华公使是如何根据国内的指示以及中国的具体国情，对英国在华政策所做出的调整，同时简要分析这一时期中方根据自身揣测英方的意图所做出的策略调整。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, great powers set off a frenzy to carve up and divide China. Britain's interests in China were greatly challenged, and its policy toward China was in disorder, wobbling between advocating "open doors" and safeguarding the privileges of the Yangtze River basin. From 1900 to 1906, As British Minister to China, Sartre witnessed the adjustment and turning of British China policy. After the Boxer Movement broke out, all countries began to cooperate in "combat", but there were still contradictions. Since then, from the perspective of their own commercial interests, the United Kingdom took Xin Chou as an opportunity to discuss peace, and the moral principle of Sar put forward the idea of amending the covenant, which was praised by all countries. After the Boxer Regiment Movement, the Russian troops stationed in northeast China refused to withdraw, and the anti-Russian movement was launched in China. Britain adopted a wait-and-see attitude to profit from the fishing. Japan's activities in North Korea intensified the conflict with Russia, and the Japan-Russian war broke out. After the war between Japan and Russia, Japan became a new threat to the interests of Britain in the far East. At this time, Britain's ability to intervene in affairs in China was not as good as before, and Britain often compromised its affairs and adjusted its policy more carefully. The full text is divided into six parts: The first part introduces the traditional British policy and the change of British policy towards China in the early 20th century, and analyzes the reasons for the change. The second part introduces the policies adopted by Qing government since the Opium War. After the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, the Qing government's attitude to foreign affairs changed obviously, and some new features appeared. This paper tries to explain clearly the new characteristics and the reasons for their emergence. In order to further study the early 20 th century, the relationship between China and Britain to do a good job. The third part introduces the British Minister to China Dou Nale (the predecessor of Sartre, according to the change of the situation, made a preliminary adjustment to China policy during the Boxer Movement. The last three parts focus on how, in the negotiation of the Treaty of Xin Chou, the anti-Russian movement, and the Japan-Russian war, how Saudo acted as the British minister to China at this time according to the domestic instructions and the specific conditions of China. The adjustment to British policy in China, and a brief analysis of China's strategic adjustments during this period based on its own speculation of the British side's intentions.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D856.1;K257

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