波罗的海地缘政治格局研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:31

本文选题：波罗的海 + 地缘政治格局　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：波罗的海位于欧亚大陆的西北一侧,处在大陆心脏地带和边缘海之间,历来都是国家争斗的战场。20世纪以前,波罗的海周边国家,包括俄国、波兰、芬兰、立陶宛、德国等国都曾在波罗的海区域展开过激烈的角逐。两次世界大战期间,波罗的海区域更是成为苏俄、德国以及美国争斗的重要场所。冷战结束至今,波罗的海区域虽然没有再爆发战争,但是围绕这一边缘地区的争夺却仍在上演,美国力量的介入使得这一区域的局势发展变得更加复杂。为什么波罗的海会呈现出如此纷繁复杂的发展态势?我们不妨从地理与历史的角度入手,在汲取麦金德、斯皮克曼、布热津斯基等理论家思想精华的基础之上,以经典的地缘政治理论去解释波罗的海地缘政治格局的形成和演变。本文主要从地缘位置、地缘环境、经济价值和战略价值四个方面,来分析波罗的海地缘政治环境的特征及其重要性,解析波罗的海区域内外各个力量介入此区域的原因,进而解释不同时期、在不同力量主导下的、波罗的海地缘政治格局的不同特点。其中,苏俄作为波罗的海区域内的一个重要力量,对波罗的海地缘政治格局的形成和演变发挥着主导作用。波罗的海优越的战略位置和巨大的经济价值,对苏俄发展国家权力和追求国家安全有着极大的吸引力。因而,在权力要素和安全要素的驱使下,苏俄多次对波罗的海地区进行了武装占领和政治控制,也主导了波罗的海地缘政治格局的演变。 20世纪末,东欧剧变、苏联解体等一系列重大事件的发生,导致世界地缘政治格局有了令人瞩目的变化。原苏联各加盟共和国的独立和德国的统一,致使欧亚大陆的地缘政治格局激烈震荡,“心脏地带”周围形成了一条权力的真空地带。在美国、俄罗斯、德国以及波罗的海域内小国的多重力量的影响之下,波罗的海地缘政治格局朝着多极化的方向发展。
[Abstract]:The Baltic Sea is located on the northwest side of Eurasia, between the heart of the continent and the marginal sea, and has historically been a battleground of national strife. Before the 20th century, the Baltic states, including Russia, Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Germany and other countries have fought fiercely in the Baltic region. During the two world wars, the Baltic region became an important arena for fighting between Russia, Germany and the United States. Since the end of the Cold War, there has been no further war in the Baltic Sea region, but the competition around this marginal region is still taking place, and the situation in this region is becoming more complicated by the intervention of American forces. Why is the Baltic Sea taking on such a complicated development? From the point of view of geography and history, we can explain the formation and evolution of the geopolitical pattern of the Baltic Sea with classical geopolitical theory on the basis of absorbing the essence of McKinde, Spikman, Brzezinski and other theorists. This paper analyzes the characteristics and importance of the geopolitical environment in the Baltic Sea from the four aspects of geographical location, geographical environment, economic value and strategic value, and analyzes the reasons for the various forces inside and outside the Baltic Sea region to intervene in the region. Then it explains the different characteristics of the Baltic geopolitical pattern in different periods and under different forces. Among them, Soviet Russia, as an important force in the Baltic Sea region, played a leading role in the formation and evolution of the Baltic geopolitical pattern. The superior strategic position and enormous economic value of Baltic Sea have great attraction for Soviet Russia to develop state power and pursue national security. Therefore, driven by the elements of power and security, Soviet Russia carried out armed occupation and political control over the Baltic Sea region many times, and also dominated the evolution of the geopolitical structure of the Baltic Sea. At the end of the 20th century, the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union led to remarkable changes in the geopolitical structure of the world. The independence of the former Soviet republics and the unification of Germany caused a violent shock in the geopolitical structure of Eurasia, and a vacuum of power was formed around the "heartland". Under the influence of the United States, Russia, Germany and the small countries in the Baltic Sea, the geopolitical structure of the Baltic Sea is moving towards multipolarity.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D81

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