《纽约时报》中的俄罗斯国家形象构建（2008-2011）

发布时间：2018-05-23 18:17

本文选题：纽约时报 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：国家形象反映了公众对国家本身、国家行为及其成果所给予的总体评价,也反映了他国国民对该国的政治、经济、文化、历史、社会、思想等方面的综合印象。国家形象能够较为全面地体现该国的综合国力,但也是一个带有强烈主观性质的概念,因此必然与真实情况存在一定差异。国家形象主要通过大众传媒渠道呈现给公众,同时也可以通过同样的渠道来建构。平面媒体就是其中最为重要的渠道之一研究美国主流平面媒体中的国家形象是近年来学术界研究的热点之一,对了解美国主流社会对其他国家形象的认知和态度有着非常的重要意义。美国主流媒体以其雄厚的经济实力、丰富的传播经验、英语优势和专业的报道团队在国家形象的构建过程中扮演着举足轻重的角色,其观点和看法对国际舆论有重大影响。本次研究选择《纽约时报》作为研究对象。《纽约时报》是美国主流平面媒体中最具代表性的媒体之一。考察《纽约时报》中的国家形象能够较为真实和客观地反映美国国内对俄罗斯国家形象的认知情况。本次研究时段为2008年至2011年。在这四年里发生了包括俄格冲突和美俄重启在内的俄美关系史上的重大事件。本次研究主要以《纽约时报》对俄罗斯的报道为研究样本(检索关键词为Russia)考察俄罗斯国家形象在《纽约时报》上的呈现情况。本次研究重点使用文本分析方法,通过选取该时段内俄美关系中的重大事件,探究国家形象与国家间行为的内在联系。本次研究试图回答《纽约时报》中的俄罗斯形象是什么、为什么要塑造俄罗斯国家形象、塑造俄罗斯国家形象的标准是什么以及这样的俄罗斯国家形象会如何影响美国利益等问题。本文主要分为以下四个部分：第一章是全文的导论。本章对本文所研究的相关概念和选题意义进行阐释,同时介绍本次研究的背景以及国内外学术界当前的研究状况；最后本章还对本次研究所使用的研究方法进行介绍。第二章将主要借鉴新闻学分析方法对2008年至2011年《纽约时报》中对俄罗斯的报道进行定量分析。在这四年中,《纽约时报》对俄罗斯关注的总体程度不及以往,下降趋势明显。对俄罗斯的报道的议题设置主要集中在政治、军事等传统安全领域,对俄罗斯非传统安全领域以及文化、艺术和体育的关注较少。第三章主要进行文本分析。在这一部分中,通过第二章的研究得出的初步结论,本文选取梅普组合、霍多尔科夫斯基案、俄格冲突和美俄重启等俄美关系中的重要人物和重大事件进行研究分析。通过研究发现,《纽约时报》通过大量使用直接引语和细节描述等报道手法,以看似客观的记叙对俄罗斯进行报道,但其中负面倾向明显。在《纽约时报》对俄罗斯的报道中,冷战时期的意识形态仍然清晰可见。第四章主要对《纽约时报》建构俄罗斯形象的原因进行分析,旨在探究《纽约时报》构建俄罗斯形象的根本立场和出发点。首先,《纽约时报》对俄罗斯报道中常用的写作和报道风格直接反映出对俄罗斯的态度。在写作风格上,《纽约时报》严肃客观,但有策略地选择报道重点对读者加以引导。比如：热衷报道吸引眼球的负面新闻。其次,美国与生俱来的价值观和对俄罗斯持有的历史观也是影响《纽约时报》对俄罗斯形象认知的重要因素,在《纽约时报》的报道中也能够明显地反映出来。最后,美俄关系的冷暖也是媒体报道并建构俄罗斯国家形象的重要依据。
[Abstract]:The national image reflects the general evaluation of the public on the country itself, the state's behavior and its achievements, and reflects the comprehensive impression of the nationals of the country on the political, economic, cultural, historical, social and ideological aspects of the country. The national image can reflect the comprehensive national strength of the country in a more comprehensive manner, but also has a strong subjective nature. There is a certain difference between the concept and the real situation. The national image is presented to the public through the mass media channel and can also be constructed through the same channel. The plane media is one of the most important channels.
The study of the national image of the mainstream American graphic media is one of the hotspots in the academic circles in recent years. It is of great significance to understand the cognition and attitude of the mainstream American society to the image of other countries. The mainstream American media is in the country with its strong economic strength, rich communication experience, English advantage and professional reporting team. It plays a decisive role in the process of image building. Its views and opinions have a great influence on international public opinion.
This study selected < New York Times > as the object of study. < New York Times > is one of the most representative media in the mainstream American print media. The investigation of the national image in < New York Times > reflects the cognition of the national image of the United States in the United States. This period is from 2008 to 2011. In the past four years, a major event in the history of Russia - US relations, including the Russian conflict and the reopening of the United States and Russia, was conducted in this study, mainly using the New York Times > the Russian report as the research sample (keyword Russia) to investigate the Russian state image in the New York Times. This study tries to answer what the Russian image in New York Times is, what is the image of the Russian state, what is the symbol of the Russian national image and the Russian national image. How will the interests of the United States be affected?
This article is divided into the following four parts:
The first chapter is the introduction of the full text. This chapter explains the relevant concepts and significance of the topic, and introduces the background of this study and the current research situation at home and abroad. Finally, this chapter also introduces the research methods used in this study.
The second chapter will make a quantitative analysis of the reports on Russia from 2008 to 2011 with the method of journalism analysis. In the four years, < New York Times > the overall degree of concern to Russia is less than it used to be, and the trend of decline is obvious. The theme of Russian reports is mainly focused on the traditional security collar, such as politics, military and so on. The area is less concerned about Russia's non-traditional security field, as well as culture, art and sports.
The third chapter mainly carries on the text analysis. In this part, through the preliminary conclusion of the study of the second chapters, this article selects the important figures and major events in the Russian US relations, such as the MEP combination, the Khodorkovsky case, the Russian and Russian conflicts and the reopening of the United States and Russia. Reports such as quotations and details are reported in a seemingly objective narrative, but the negative tendencies are obvious. In the New York Times > the cold war ideology is still clearly visible.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the construction of the Russian image of < New York Times > to explore the fundamental position and starting point of the New York Times > construction of Russian image. First, < New York Times > the style of writing and reporting used in Russian reports directly reflects the attitude towards Russia. In the writing style, < < New York Times > serious. Objective, but there is a strategic choice to select the focus of the report to guide the reader. For example, it is keen to report negative news that attracts eyeballs. Secondly, the United States' inherent values and the history view of Russia are also important factors affecting the New York Times's perception of Russian image, and in the New York Times > the report can also be significantly reversed. Finally, the cold and warm relationship between the United States and Russia is also an important basis for media coverage and construction of Russia's national image.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D851.2

【参考文献】