里根政府就马岛战争的危机决策与外交战略

发布时间：2018-05-28 18:32

本文选题：美英特殊关系 + 马岛战争　；参考：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：英阿马岛争端对美国西半球战略带来冲击,在大西洋主义与泛美主义影响下,美国在战前及战争期间曾积极斡旋。美国将英美特殊关系置于美阿关系之上,基于"重英轻阿"的战略选择,在斡旋的同时制定了确保英国"速战速决"的大规模援英计划,并在实践中不断升级。战争结束后,美国一方面引导英国的马岛政策尽量温和化,另一方面迅速解除对阿制裁,修复美阿关系。本文利用美国国务院最新解密出版的《美国外交文件集:南大西洋冲突(1981—1984年)》和其他方面档案,以美国对外战略决策为视角,深入考察美国在英阿之间斡旋的努力和美国对英援助,在此基础上反思马岛战争时期美国在大西洋主义和泛美主义二元伙伴关系之间的权衡与调适。虽然马岛战争结束后美阿关系得以回暖,但美国的立场对美洲国家体系的负面影响一直持续到后冷战时期。美国对二元伙伴关系的调适既有教训,也有经验,凸显大国外交的某种困境与局限。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of Atlanticism and Pan am, the United States actively mediated before and during the war. The United States put the special relationship between Britain and the United States above that of the United States and based on the strategic choice of "attaching importance to Britain over Afghanistan", it worked out a large-scale aid plan to ensure Britain's "quick decision" while mediating, and escalated continuously in practice. After the war, on the one hand, the United States guided the British policy to moderate as far as possible, on the other hand, it quickly lifted sanctions against Afghanistan and repaired relations between the United States and Afghanistan. This paper makes use of the newly declassified US diplomatic File Collection: the South Atlantic conflict 1981-1984, and other archives, from the perspective of US foreign strategic decision-making. On the basis of an in-depth study of the United States' efforts to mediate between Britain and Argentina and American aid to Britain, this paper reflects on the balance and adjustment between the United States' dual partnership of Atlanticism and Pan am in the period of the Islands War. Despite the warming of relations between the United States and Afghanistan after the end of the Falklands War, the negative impact of the United States' position on the American system continued into the post-cold war period. America's adjustment to dualistic partnership has both lessons and experiences, which highlights some difficulties and limitations of great power diplomacy.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系冷战史研究中心;
【基金】：中山大学2016年度“{9川优秀青年奖学基金”支持
【分类号】：D871.2

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