1948年至1950年英国和以色列的关系

发布时间：2018-05-30 13:59

本文选题：英国 + 以色列　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：从《贝尔福宣言》发布之后，英国和犹太之间便从政治上建立了特殊的联系。经过第一次世界大战，英国在巴勒斯坦建立了委任统治，将巴勒斯坦犹太人置于直接管理之下。英国为了平衡巴勒斯坦地区阿拉伯人和犹太人之间的关系，在各种因素的驱动下发表了一系列白皮书，政策逐渐由“扶犹抑阿”，转变为“扶阿抑犹”，双方的关系由此逐渐走入谷底。第二次世界大战之后，英国在无法调和阿拉伯和犹太人之间的矛盾之后，结束了对巴勒斯坦地区的委任统治。犹太人在当天即宣布了建立以色列国家。从1948年英国结束委任统治和以色列建国开始，直至1950年双方建立正式的外交关系，英国和以色列之间的关系经历了曲折的发展阶段。在以色列建国伊始，，英国由于在中东地区支持阿拉伯国家的外交政策而对以色列采取了敌视的态度，拒不承认以色列的国家地位。英国采取种种措施抑制以色列国家的发展，包括支持建立约旦国家，阻碍以色列加入各种国际性的组织，甚至联合国，双方还发生了空中飞机的直接对抗。英国希望借由以上种种措施排斥以色列，维持自己在中东地区的优势地位。但是现实面前，英国不得不抛弃过去大国思维，开始接受以色列国家的现实，逐渐恢复双方的联系。以色列也认识到，二战后英国的地位虽然有所下降，但却依旧是中东地区不容忽视的重要力量。与英国恢复良好的关系，对以色列而言，是百益而无一害的。经过事实上承认的过渡阶段，英国最终于1950年4月从法律上承认了以色列，双方建立了正常的外交关系。英国和以色列关系的复杂性很大程度上是因为影响双方关系的因素过多。从大的方面来说，国际环境和国际局势的变化直接影响着英国对犹太人的政策。单纯从国家利益层面来看，英犹双方对国家现实利益的考量在影响双方关系的因素中占有极大的比重。作为西方阵营的一员，英国一直以来对以色列的国家性质表示质疑，担心其投入苏联的怀抱，英国对以色列国家性质走向的判断也促使其对以色列采取了抵制的态度。相对于英国，以色列的态度要温和很多。由于建国之初需要获得国际社会的认可，以色列在面对英国的强烈抵制时，一直采取了克制的态度。同时，以色列领导人也认识到英国和美国关系的特殊性，保持了和美国的友好关系。英国和以色列之间的关系同时还受到冷战时期美国和苏联的影响，尤其是美国。可以说，美国对以色列的态度直接扭转了英国的态度，英国此时是不会为了以色列而得罪美国的。还有中东地区的阿拉伯国家，也是影响英国对以色列政策判断的重要因素。事实上，作为拥有前后继承关系的两个国家，英国和以色列在巴勒斯坦地区存在诸多遗留问题，尤其是经济上的问题。这也决定了两个国家不可能完全不进行交流和沟通，从这一点而言，敌视对双方问题的解决是毫无益处的。以色列建国之后，在经历了种种摩擦甚至对抗之后，英国和以色列终于建立了正常的外交关系。双方关系正常化是各种因素综合作用的结果。
[Abstract]:After the release of the proclamation, a special political connection was established between Britain and Judaea. After the first World War, the British established a mandate in Palestine and placed the Palestinian Jews under direct management. Driven by the factors, a series of white papers were published, and the policy was gradually transformed from "support Judah" to "support the Judah". The relationship between the two sides gradually went to the bottom of the valley. After the Second World War, Britain, after the inability to reconcile the contradiction between the Arabia and the Jews, tied up the mandate of the Palestinian area. On the same day, the establishment of an Israeli state was announced.
From the end of the 1948 British mandate and the founding of Israel, until the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1950, the relationship between Britain and Israel experienced a tortuous stage of development. At the beginning of the founding of the state, the British adopted a hostile attitude towards Israel because of its support for the foreign policy of the Arabia states in the Middle East. It refuses to recognize the status of Israel. Britain has taken various measures to suppress the development of the Israeli state, including support for the establishment of the Jordanian state, impeding Israel's accession to various international organizations, and even the United Nations, and the direct confrontation between the two sides. But in the face of reality, Britain has to abandon the past great powers and begin to accept the reality of the Israeli state and gradually restore the relations between the two sides. Israel also recognizes that the British status has declined after the Second World War, but it is still an important force in the Middle East. There was no harm to Israel. After the factual recognition of the transitional period, the UK finally recognized Israel in the law in April 1950, and the two sides established normal diplomatic relations.
The complexity of the relationship between Britain and Israel is largely due to too many factors affecting the relationship between the two sides. In a large way, the changes in the international environment and the international situation have a direct impact on the British policy towards the Jews. As a member of the Western camp, Britain has always questioned the nature of Israel, worried about its involvement in the Soviet Union, and the British judgment of the nature of the state of Israel has also prompted a boycott of Israel. At the beginning of the country needs to be recognized by the international community, Israel has been restrained in the face of the strong boycott of Britain. Meanwhile, the Israeli leaders recognized the particularity of the relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States and maintained friendly relations with the United States. The relationship between Britain and Israel was also affected by the United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war. The influence of the United States, especially the United States. It can be said that the attitude of the United States to Israel is a direct reversal of the British attitude, that Britain will not offend the United States for Israel at this time. And the Arabia state in the Middle East is also an important factor affecting British policy judgment on Israel. In fact, as the two country with succession relations. There are many problems left by the UK and Israel in the Palestinian region, especially the economic problems. It also determines that two countries are not completely free from communication and communication. From this point of view, hostility is not beneficial to the settlement of the two sides.
After the founding of the people's Republic of Israel, after a variety of friction and even confrontation, Britain and Israel finally established normal diplomatic relations. The normalization of the relations between the two sides was the result of the comprehensive effect of various factors.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D819

【共引文献】