整合还是解体——民粹主义与反全球化时代的欧盟危机

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:17

  本文选题：欧洲民粹主义 + 新媒体　； 参考：《探索与争鸣》2017年06期

【摘要】：欧盟危机最根本的来源实际上与时代的变化有关:二战后的欧洲人普遍将欧洲整合看作脱离刚刚经历过的战争、灾难、落后、专制的希望,联合的欧洲象征着进步与和平;但今天的欧洲人却不再普遍分享这一视角,他们反而会将欧盟看作一系列重大问题的成因,而且这种认识并非没有道理。在今天,欧洲不再是一个目标,因为它是现实,而现实肯定不如理想美好。具体而言,导致欧盟危机的主要原因包括:东欧的转型、全球化与反全球化的若干重要维度、欧洲货币联盟的缺陷、共同外交和安全政策的缺席、普京治下的俄罗斯的影响、中国崛起带来的挑战、欧洲自我认同的变化等。一方面,人们对现状的不满可能被民粹主义者利用,而民粹主义具有如下四个特点:诉诸"人民"的直接正当性、"人民"与"其他人"的划分、民族主义、非理性的叙事。另一方面,民粹主义的抬头又与互联网造成的新媒体图景有很大关系。重重危机之下的希望在于,只要中左翼的力量能重新赢回其传统选民,并妥善处理欧元区的长期缺陷,欧洲仍然可能有乐观的前景。
[Abstract]:The most fundamental source of the EU crisis is actually related to the changes of the times: after World War II, Europeans generally regarded European integration as the hope of breaking away from the wars, disasters, backwardness and despotism that had just been experienced, and that the United Europe symbolized progress and peace; But Europeans today are no longer generally sharing this perspective. Instead, they see the EU as the cause of a series of big problems, and that perception is not unreasonable. Today, Europe is no longer a goal, because it is a reality, and reality is certainly not as good as ideal. In particular, the main causes of the EU crisis include the transition of Eastern Europe, the important dimensions of globalization and anti-globalization, the shortcomings of the European Monetary Union, the absence of a common foreign and security policy, and the impact of Putin's Russia. The challenges brought by China's rise and the changes in Europe's self-identity. On the one hand, people's dissatisfaction with the status quo may be exploited by populists, who have the following four characteristics: the direct legitimacy of resorting to "people", the division between "people" and "others", nationalism, and irrational narration. The rise of populism, on the other hand, has much to do with the new media landscape created by the internet. The hope under the crisis is that Europe could still be optimistic as long as the centre-left forces win back their traditional voters and properly address the long-term shortcomings of the euro zone.
【作者单位】： 牛津大学;圣安东尼学院;斯坦福大学胡佛研究所;北京大学政府管理学院;
【分类号】：D082;D814.1
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本文编号：1982972